Physical and electrical characteristics of NiFe thin films using ultrasonic assisted pulse electrodeposition

Abstract

Nickel iron (NiFe) thin films were prepared on the copper substrate by ultrasonic assisted pulse electrodeposition under galvanostatic mode. Careful control of the thin films deposition is essential as the electrical properties of the films could be greatly affected, particularly if low quality films are produced. The preparation of NiFe/Cu thin films was aimed to reduce the grain size of NiFe particles, surface roughness and electrical resistivity of the copper substrates. Various parameters were systematically studied including current magnitude, deposition time and ultrasonic bath temperature. The optimized conditions to obtain NiFe permalloy, which subsequently applied to all investigated samples, were found at a current magnitude of 70 mA deposited for a duration of 2 min under ultrasonic bath temperature of 27 °C. The composition of NiFe permalloy was as close as Ni 80.71% and Fe 19.29% and the surface roughness was reduced from 12.76 nm to 2.25 nm. The films electrical resistivity was decreased nearly sevenfold from an initial value of 67.32 μΩ cm to 9.46 μΩ cm.

The Effect of Electrodeposition Current and Electrolyte Composition on Electrodeposition of Fe-Ni Alloys

“…In the previous research, a similar experiment with time variations of 1, 5, and 10 minutes resulted in different weights of Fe-Ni alloys. This happens because the electrodeposition time is one of the parameters that affect the properties and characteristics of the resulting Fe-Ni alloy [11]. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the effect of time variations on the weight of the Fe-Ni deposits.…”

Normal Electrochemical Deposition NiFe

“…Summing up the results of the analysis of chemical characteristics of hydrolysis of ferric chloride, it should be noted that researchers in over 65 years [2] conducted NiFe alloy plating and receive preferential deposition of iron in relation to nickel in all formulations electrolyte. Electrolytes used [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] is characterized by a wide range of molar relationship of nickel and iron. The cause of the anomalous codeposition of preferential deposition of iron sources previously not associated with the main feature of iron ionsthe existence of variable Valence iron one and two values in the charge of ions during the hydrolysis of iron salts.…”

Reduced graphene oxide decorated with Ni-Fe-Mo permalloy obtained by sputtering

“…Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a very useful derivative of graphene oxide used in numerous multicomponent materials [1]. rGO shows oxygen functionalities that play important roles in the preparation of hybrid materials since the oxygenated atoms support the deposition of metallic nanoparticles onto the rGO surface [2,3].…”

“…The Ni-Fe-Mo (permalloy) is widely used soft magnetic material owing to its mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and corrosion resistant properties. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles deposited on a graphene surface have been predicted to present high magnetoresistance and high conductivity, an important combination of properties for magnetic sensors [3,5].…”