Physical and chemical properties of seawater during 2013–2015 in the 400 m water column in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

Manasrah, Riyad; Alsaad, Lojen; Trabeen, Khalid; Rasheed, Mohammed; Al-Absi, Eman; Dixon, L. Kellie; Al-Sawalmih, A.

doi:10.1007/s10661-020-8134-4

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Figure 3) were observed in surface water layer, consistent with the findings of others[23,[32][33][34][35]. The coastal water in GoA is in extremely oligotrophic conditions, with very limited nutrients supplied to Gulf's water through terrestrial runoff.Nitrates are present in all water samples, where the concentrations increased slightly in some locations, although not all.NO 3 − concentrations ranged between 12.22 mg/L up to 15.50 mg/L, with overall mean and median levels of about 13.85 and 13.78 mg/L, respectively (Table 1 andFigure 3).…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Water stratification and high sunlight irradiation during summertime further draw down the inorganic nutrients in the surface water by enhancing primary productivity at the subsurface water layer (50-75 m) [34]. During photosynthesis, phytoplankton assimilate nutrients, and it is the availability of inorganic nitrogen that often limits the rate of primary production in the sea [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan

Al-Taani

Rashdan

Nazzal

et al. 2020

Water

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(1) Background: The Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) supports unique and diverse marine ecosystems. It is one of the highest anthropogenically impacted coasts in the Middle East region, where rapid human activities are likely to degrade these naturally diverse but stressed ecosystems. (2) Methods: Various water quality parameters were measured to assess the current status and conditions of GoA seawater including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Sr, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. (3) Results: The pH values indicated basic coastal waters. The elevated levels of TDS with an average of about 42 g/L indicated highly saline conditions. Relatively low levels of inorganic nutrients were observed consistent with the prevalence of oligotrophic conditions in GoA seawater. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Sr, Cl−, and SO42− in surface layer varied spatially from about 423–487, 2246–2356, 9542–12,647, 513–713, 9.2–10.4, 22,173–25,992, and 317–407 mg/L, respectively. The average levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.51, 0.38, 1.44, 1.29, 0.88, 0.38, and 6.05 µg/L, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The prevailing saline conditions of high temperatures, high evaporation rates, the water stratification and intense dust storms are major contributing factors to the observed seawater chemistry. The surface distribution of water quality variables showed spatial variations with no specific patterns, except for metal contents which exhibited southward increasing trends, closed to the industrial complex. The vast majority of these quality parameters showed relatively higher values compared to those of other regions.

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confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan

Al-Taani

Rashdan

Nazzal

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Temperature was kept constant at the in situ temperature of 23 C at 70 m depth. Dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations between 50 and 100 m depth have been regularly measured and are comparable to those in shallow depths, < 0.5 μM nitrate, 0.1 μM ammonium, and 0.2 μM phosphate in September-November (Manasrah et al 2020;Torfstein et al 2020). To determine the mean irradiance received by corals at their corresponding depth (65 m depth for soft corals and 90 m depth for scleractinians), we considered the daily irradiance dose received in surface waters during October, and monitored by the National Monitoring Program of the Gulf of Eilat (http://www.iui-eilat.ac.il/NMP/Default.aspx).…”

Section: Coral Collectionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Symbiotic stony and soft corals: Is their host‐algae relationship really mutualistic at lower mesophotic reefs?

Ferrier‐Pagés

Bednarz

Grover

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Mesophotic coral ecosystems (30-150 m depth) present a high oceanic biodiversity, but remain one of the most understudied reef habitats, especially below 60 m depth. Here, we have assessed the rates of photosynthesis and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nitrogen (DIN) assimilation by Symbiodiniaceae associated with four soft coral species of the genus Sinularia and two stony coral species of the genus Leptoseris collected respectively at 65 and 80-90 m depth in the Gulf of Eilat. Our study demonstrates that both Leptoseris and Sinularia species have limited autotrophic capacities at mid-lower mesophotic depths. DIC and DIN assimilation rates were overall $ 10 times lower compared to shallow corals from 10 m depth in the same reef. While Leptoseris symbionts transferred at least 50% of the acquired nitrogen to their host after 8-h incubation, most of the nitrogen was retained in the symbionts of Sinularia. In addition, the host tissue of Sinularia species presented a very high structural carbon to nitrogen ratio (C : N) compared to Leptoseris or to the shallow coral species, suggesting nitrogen limitation in these mesophotic soft corals. The limited capacity of soft coral symbionts to acquire DIN and transfer it to the coral animal, as well as the high C : N ratios, might explain the scarcity of symbiotic soft corals at mid-lower mesophotic depths compared to their prevalence in the shallower reef. Overall, this study highlights the significance of DIN for the distribution of the Cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae association at mesophotic depth.

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“…These results suggest that salt-and temperaturesensitivity of our strain R1DC41 T could be overcome by the production of endospores previously discussed to ensure bacterial survival during the salt accumulation (up to 15%; Booth et al, 2019b) and high temperature (up to 39.2 • C; Giomi et al, 2019) occurring in summer. R1DC41 T is also able to cope with the osmotic stress induced by other osmolytes and ions, such as potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium nitrate, and sodium nitrite (Supplementary Table 3), which are generally present in the Red Sea water and mangrove sediments (Balk et al, 2015;Manasrah et al, 2020). However, the metabolic activity of our strain was drastically inhibited by urea, ammonium sulfate, sodium formate, sodium lactate, sodium benzoate and high concentrations of sodium nitrite (> 20 mM; Supplementary Table 3).…”

Section: Phenotypic and Chemotaxonomic Characterization Of Novel R1dc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Cultivable Bacterial Fraction of Sediments From the Red Sea Mangroves and Physiological, Chemotaxonomic, and Genomic Characterization of Mangrovibacillus cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Bacillaceae Family

et al. 2022

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Mangrove forests are dynamic and productive ecosystems rich in microbial diversity; it has been estimated that microbial cells in the mangrove sediments constitute up to 91% of the total living biomass of these ecosystems. Despite in this ecosystem many of the ecological functions and services are supported and/or carried out by microorganisms (e.g., nutrient cycling and eukaryotic-host adaptation), their diversity and function are overlooked and poorly explored, especially for the oligotrophic mangrove of the Red Sea coast. Here, we investigated the cultivable fraction of bacteria associated with the sediments of Saudi Arabian Red Sea mangrove forest by applying the diffusion-chamber-based approach in combination with oligotrophic medium and long incubation time to allow the growth of bacteria in their natural environment. Cultivation resulted in the isolation of numerous representatives of Isoptericola (n = 51) and Marinobacter (n = 38), along with several less abundant and poorly study taxa (n = 25) distributed across ten genera. Within the latest group, we isolated R1DC41T, a novel member of the Bacillaceae family in the Firmicutes phylum. It showed 16S rRNA gene similarity of 94.59–97.36% with closest relatives of Rossellomorea (which was formerly in the Bacillus genus), Domibacillus, Bacillus, and Jeotgalibacillus genera. Based on the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), R1DC41T strain formed a separated branch from the listed genera, representing a novel species of a new genus for which the name Mangrovibacillus cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Genomic, morphological, and physiological characterizations revealed that R1DC41T is an aerobic, Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile, endospore-forming bacterium. A reduced genome and the presence of numerous transporters used to import the components necessary for its growth and resistance to the stresses imposed by the oligotrophic and salty mangrove sediments make R1DC41T extremely adapted to its environment of origin and to the competitive conditions present within.

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Physical and chemical properties of seawater during 2013–2015 in the 400 m water column in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan

Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan

Symbiotic stony and soft corals: Is their host‐algae relationship really mutualistic at lower mesophotic reefs?

Insights Into the Cultivable Bacterial Fraction of Sediments From the Red Sea Mangroves and Physiological, Chemotaxonomic, and Genomic Characterization of Mangrovibacillus cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Bacillaceae Family

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