Physical and chemical properties of coalified and charcoalified phytoclasts from some British Mesozoic sediments: An organic geochemical approach to palaeobotany

Cope, M. J.

doi:10.1016/0079-1946(79)90147-2

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Once wood has been charred, it becomes very resistant to microbial decay or permineralization. The additional presence of vitrinite indicates that some unburnt wood was also buried in the sediments; this association is not uncommon (Cope, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was confirmed by SEM observations. Charcoalified wood, formed by burning, can be identified by a distinct set of features (Cope, 1980(Cope, , 1981. These have been observed in some of the ODP specimens.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A common cause of ancient forest fires was probably lightning (Cope, 1980;Cope and Chaloner, 1985); however, in a volcanically active environment, it seems likely that some fires were started by volcanic eruptions. Once wood has been charred, it becomes very resistant to microbial decay or permineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cretaceous Fossil Wood from the Raggatt Basin, Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Site 750)

Francis¹,

Coffin²

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 120, Site 750, from the eastern flank of the Raggatt Basin on the Kerguelen Plateau, contain small clasts of fossil wood. Some wood is preserved as charcoal and has excellent structural preservation, whereas other wood is preserved as vitrinite with poor structure. All the wood examined is from conifer trees and is identified as Podocarpoxylon, wood similar to that of the living podocarps, and a type common in Antarctic and other Gondwanan Cretaceous floras. The presence of wood suggests that forested land was situated near the Raggatt Basin during the Early Cretaceous. Some wood was charred by burning in forest fires, possibly caused by volcanic eruptions. The charcoal and some unburnt wood was then buried in adjacent (probably nonmarine) sediments. This report provides an additional record of forest vegetation in high-latitude sites during the Cretaceous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Cretaceous Fossil Wood from the Raggatt Basin, Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Site 750)

Francis¹,

Coffin²

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…Many consider fusain to be the chemically inert residual product of wildfire, most likely initiated by lightning strike (e.g. Harris 1958Harris , 1981Komarek 1972;Batten 1974;M. J.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower and middle Jurassic woods of the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire), England

Morgans

1999

Palaeontology

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ABSTRACT. Allochthonous Lower and Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Bathonian) permineralized and charcoalified woods from the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire, England) are assigned to five genera of gymnospermous wood (Cupressinoxylon spp., Taxodioxylon spp., Cedroxylon spp., Xenoxylon and Araucarioxylon) and two species (Xenoxylon phyllocladoides and Araucarioxylon lindlei). Cell structure is commonly well preserved, particularly in calcified and charcoalified samples, and several features of the growth rings have palaeoclimatological significance. These include distinct growth rings, commonly narrow latewood, low to moderate annual sensitivity and mean sensitivity values, and presence of false rings. Overall, these characteristics reflect fairly consistent growth, both during the growing season and from year to year. Temporally, there is a transition towards narrower rings of more variable width, proportionally wider latewood, and more abundant false rings in Bathonian woods. Water supply is interpreted as the primary limiting control on growth and was probably more restricted in the Bathonian. This is suggested to be a consequence of relatively low sea-level and, more importantly, a genuinely drier climate at this time, manifested as an accentuated annual dry season. In all, the increase in seasonality during the Early and Mid Jurassic in North Yorkshire is compatible with the effects of a developing Mediterranean-type climate. G R O W T H -R I N G analysis has proved to be a powerful tool in the field of palaeoclimatology (Creber 1977;Creber and Chaloner 1984; Francis 1984 Francis , 1986, particularly when considering that wood (secondary xylem) yields one of the few accurate and high-resolution records of climatic variability on land. Several features of wood anatomy yield climate data, the most fundamental of which is the presence of growth rings, which are invariably indicative of seasonal growth and usually of a temperate climate (Fritts 1976;Creber 1977;Creber and Chaloner 1984, 1985). The relationship between modern tree rings and the meteorological record provides the basis for studying palaeoclimates using fossil wood (Fritts 1976). This approach has proved successful in the interpretation of past climates (e.g. Jefferson 1982; Francis 1984 Francis , 1986Spicer and Parrish 1990) and forms the basis to this study. The object of this paper is therefore to report a detailed record of Lower and Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Bathonian) palaeoclimate for the Cleveland Basin (which today North Yorkshire, England represents) through growth-ring analysis. This analysis is carried out within the context of gymnospermous wood taxonomy. In the absence of a change in latitude for Britain during this period (Ziegler et al. 1993), temporal variations apparent in the growth characteristics may be related to palaeoclimatic changes. This study succeeds in refining the commonly held perception of a warm, wet and subtropical climate during the Mid Jurassic in the Cleveland Basin (e.g. Alexander 1992; Rawson and Wrigh...

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“…Because of air traffic, carbonaceous aerosols (CA) are also found in the stratosphere. In his excellent introduction to CA, Goldberg [1985] [Cope, 1979]. In addition, they can contain They may have similarities but also important differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous aerosols and their potential role in atmospheric chemistry

Lary¹,

Shallcross²,

Toumi³

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. This paper considers the nature of carbonaceous surfaces, the means by which they are activated, the nature of some functional groups that they support, and some reaction mechanisms that may be involved. Because of the strong affinity of carbonaceous surfaces for organic species and because of the ease with which compounds in a high oxidation state can oxidize the carbonaceous surface, it is highly likely that carbonaceous aerosols are interacting chemically with a range of organic species in ways that have, as yet, not been fully characterized but may significantly affect the oxidizing capacity of our atmosphere. If HONO is formed on the surface of carbonaceous aerosols then this could be a significant source of HOz as HONO is readily photolyzed to give OH, and it could explain the large values of HONO often observed in the troposphere. In general, the reduction of NO• on carbonaceous aerosols is an important consideration, and it is addressed here.

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Physical and chemical properties of coalified and charcoalified phytoclasts from some British Mesozoic sediments: An organic geochemical approach to palaeobotany

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Cretaceous Fossil Wood from the Raggatt Basin, Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Site 750)

Cretaceous Fossil Wood from the Raggatt Basin, Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Site 750)

Lower and middle Jurassic woods of the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire), England

Carbonaceous aerosols and their potential role in atmospheric chemistry

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