Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Associated with Heavy Applications of Manure from Cattle Feedlots

Abstract

Cattle feedlot manure at 0, 90, 180, or 360 metric tons ha‐1 year‐1 was incorporated with Sharpsburg silty clay loam to depths of 10, 20, and 30 cm. For plots tilled 10‐cm deep, the heaviest applications increased the soil organic carbon content from 2 to 5% after 2 years. Particle density decreased from 2.63 to 2.50 g cm‐3 and bulk density decreased from 1.05 to 0.90 g cm‐3. Geometric mean diameter of water‐stable aggregates increased from 80 to 800 µm. Modulus of rupture of soil cores decreased from 0.60 to 0.08 bars. Hydraulic conductivity of undisturbed soil cores increased five fold. Manure applications reduced the hydraulic conductivity of disturbed soils sampled in the fall, but there was no effect on spring samples. The heaviest application of manure increased the electrical conductivity of the hydraulic conductivity leachates from 0.8 to 3.2 mmhos cm‐1 in the fall samples and from 0.4 to 1.2 mmhos cm‐1 in the spring samples. The effects of manure on soil properties decreased with increased depth of tillage.

Esterco de gado leiteiro associado à adubação mineral e sua influência na fertilidade de um latossolo sob plantio direto

“…Diferentemente desse resultado, Elrashidi (1999) e Matsi et al (2003) não verificaram aumento nos teores de K na superfície do solo após quatro anos de adição de esterco líquido de gado de leiteiro. Corroborando os resultados obtidos, acréscimos no teor de C pelo uso de esterco de gado têm sido frequentemente relatados (Tiarks et al, 1974;Meek et al, 1982;Ndayegamiye & Cote, 1989;Sommerfeldt & Chang, 1990;Chang et al, 1991), embora a ausência de efeito tenha sido constatada (Matsi et al, 2003). Contudo, maior acréscimo ou efeito significativo tem sido observado nas camadas mais superficiais do solo (Tiarks et al, 1974;Chang et al, 1991), sendo ele alterado principalmente pela dose aplicada (Culley et al, 1981;Sommerfeldt et al, 1986;Ndayegamiye & Cote, 1989;Chang et al, 1991) e pelo tempo de aplicação (Sommerfeldt et al, 1986).…”

“…O uso de esterco combinado com adubação mineral tem sido uma estratégia de manejo importante para melhoria da qualidade do solo (Leite et al, 2003), promovendo elevação do teor de C no solo, quando se adiciona esterco em doses relativamente elevadas ou por tempo prolongado (Tiarks et al, 1974;Meek et al, 1982;Schjonning et al, 1994). Modificaçôes dos teores de cátions e ânions em solução levam à mudança na condutividade elétrica, sendo esta muito utilizada para verificar alterações e mobilidade de elementos em profundidade (Culley et al, 1981;Josan et al, 2005).…”

Amending Subsoil with Composted Poultry Litter-I: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

“…Municipal solid waste increased nutrient and water retention capacity, total pore space, and aggregate stability, and decreased cone penetration resistance and bulk density [16,17]. Cattle feedlot litter increased soil organic carbon and water stable aggregates, and decreased bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of disturbed soils [18]. Application of poultry litter on pasture soils over a 20-yr period altered soil properties (pH, electric conductivity, and bulk density) macrocation levels (Ca, K, Mg and Na levels), and increased hay yields [19].…”

Compost and Manure Effects on Fertilized Corn Silage Yield and Nitrogen Uptake under Irrigation

“…Depending upon the proportion of monovalent cations, principally K þ and sodium (Na þ ), to divalent cations in the waste, additions on the order of 100 Mg ha 21 or more can disperse aggregates and destroy surface soil structure, reducing both infiltration and hydraulic conductivity as a consequence (Haynes and Naidu 1998;Lehrsch and Kincaid 2001;Tiarks, Mazurak, and Chesnin 1974). If the added amendments contain large proportions of straw, high in C but low in N, soil N may be immobilized (Brown 1988).…”