Physical and chemical properties of fly ash from coal-fired power plants with reference to environmental impacts

Page, A. L.; Elseewi, A. A.; Straughan, I. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6185-8_2

Cited by 257 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other investigators have also found a high degree of variability in particle density among fly ash sources (Page et al 1979, Adriano et al 1980. Variability in fly ash particle density is largely a function of its chemical composition (mainly the percentage of iron oxides present) and physical properties of the individual particles comprising the fly ash matrix (percentage of cenospheres, plerospheres, and amorphous materials present).…”

Section: Pamcle Densitvmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Physical Properties of Fly Ash-Treated Minesoils

Gorman¹,

Sencindiver²,

Keefer³

et al. 1991

ASMR

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Section: Pamcle Densitvmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These problems can be avoided by using fly ash that is naturally low in boron and soluble salts, or by using fly ash that has been pre-weathered by leaching or lagooning (Page et al 1979).…”

Section: Lntrnd11ctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Properties of Fly Ash-Treated Minesoils

Gorman¹,

Sencindiver²,

Keefer³

et al. 1991

ASMR

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“…The pH of coal fly ash can vary from 4.5 to 12.5 depending largely on the S content of the parent coal. Eastern U.S. coals, which contain anthracite, are generally high in S and produce acidic ashes, while western U.S. coals, which contain lignites, tend to be lower in S and higher in Ca and produce alkaline ashes (Page et al, 1979).…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Cyclone Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size distribution and dissolution properties of metals in cyclone fly ash

Rönkkömäki

Pöykiö

Nurmesniemi

et al. 2008

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The particles in the examined cyclone fly ash were all smaller than 0.25 mm. in diameter, and particles smaller than 0.075 mm. in diameter accounted for 88.4 % of the ash weight. This result indicates that cyclone fly ash consists of particles with a small diameter. The metals in the cyclone fly ash were enriched in small particles. The highest concentrations for zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and molybdenum in the cyclone fly ash were found in the smallest particle size fraction (< 0.075 mm.) and for Barium, chromium, nickel, Vanadium and Cobalt in the second to smallest particle size fraction (0.075-0.125 mm.). From an environmental and toxicological standpoint, the smallest particles are of the greatest concern when ash is handed at landfill disposal sites (transport and disposal especially in stormy weather conditions), and some studies have reported risks to workers from prolonged exposure to ash. The results of the comparison of various dissolution methods for metals showed that the digestion procedures with nitric acid alone (USEPA 3051) or with a mixture of nitric acid + hydrogen peroxide (USEPA 3050B) slightly underestimated the metal concentrations in the cyclone fly ash. Although the use of hydrofluoric acid is often necessary for the determination of a number of elements associated with siliceous minerals, its use can result in loss of trace elements during dissolution.

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“…Numerous studies have evaluated the effect on plant uptake of elements due to fly ash amendment to topsoil in one of the following experimental units: field plots [27-301, pots [31-331 or microcosms [7]. However, none of these studies or reviews of fly ash amendment effects on plant uptake of elements [21,23,25] have compared element uptake data by plants growing in fly ash-amended soil in field plots versus pots or microcosms. Thus, laboratory data were not fieldvalidated in these studies.…”

Section: Element Uptake By Alfalfamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of fly ash-amended soil on crop yield and element uptake have typically been studied in either field plots or laboratory pots [23,25]. This study, however, appears to be the first to compare the accuracy of different laboratory test units in predicting effects seen in the field using the same soil, crops and fly ash treatment levels [15,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pots versus microcosms for predicting agroecosystem effects due to waste amendment

Tolle

Arthur

Chesson

et al. 1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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-Two laboratory test units (plastic flower pots and intact soil-core microcosms) were compared for their accuracy in predicting crop yield and element uptake in field plots. All three test units were amended with four treatment levels of unweathered, acidic fly ash (0, 100, 400 and 700 t/ha), fertilized with alfalfa meal and planted in late June with equivalent rates of Saranac alfalfa (Medicugo sutivu), Climax timothy (Phleum pruetense) and Clintford oats (Avena sativa). Microcosms were more accurate than pots in predicting the dose-response yield curve for alfalfa/timothy grown in field plots. The hypothesis of parallelism between regression equations for alfalfa yield was rejected for pots versus field plots, but was not rejected for microcosms versus field plots. Neither of the two laboratory units accurately predicted the dose-response curves for oat grain or total oat yield. Pots were only slightly more accurate than microcosms in predicting the enrichment ratios (ERs) for alfalfa uptake of elements from field plots, based on statistical analysis of the distributions of In-ER ratios for 22 elements. The extra rooting depth of the 60-cm microcosms may provide more accurate yield data for long tap-rooted species like alfalfa, as well as permit a second year of accurate data on crop yield and element uptake.

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Physical and chemical properties of fly ash from coal-fired power plants with reference to environmental impacts

Cited by 257 publications

References 27 publications

Physical Properties of Fly Ash-Treated Minesoils

Physical Properties of Fly Ash-Treated Minesoils

Particle size distribution and dissolution properties of metals in cyclone fly ash

Comparison of pots versus microcosms for predicting agroecosystem effects due to waste amendment

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