Physical and chemical indicators of transformations of poultry carcass parts and broiler litter during short term thermophilic composting

Avidov, Ran; Varma, V. Sudharsan; Saadi, Ibrahim; Hanan, Aviva; Yoselevich, I.; Lublin, Avishai; Chen, Y.; Laor, Yael

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.040

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Emitted volatiles were analyzed according to Avidov et al. (2021), with some changes and adjustments. VOCs, Nalophan™ bags (polyethylene terephthalate, PET; thickness 20 mm; Kalle GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) of 0.8 m length were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emitted volatiles were analyzed according to Avidov et al (2021) Phenylalanine induces resistance to Tuta absoluta 95 Wiesbaden, Germany) of 0.8 m length were used. A single tomato leaf, still attached to the plant, was placed inside a Nalophan bag, and closed using a nylon cable tie around the leaf stem on one side and a PTFE sampling port on the other.…”

Section: Air Sampling and Analyses Of Emitted Bpvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least three biological replicates were performed for each treatment. Loaded sorbent tubes were placed on an automated thermal desorber (Centri â ; Markes International, Bridgend, UK) connected to an Agilent 7890A GC and quadrupole mass spectrometer detector 5975C (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) for extraction and quantified of the volatiles (Avidov et al, 2021).…”

Section: Air Sampling and Analyses Of Emitted Bpvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenylalanine treatment induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta via increased accumulation of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles serving as defense signals

Kumar,

Nadarajan,

Boddupally

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYTuta absoluta (“leafminer”), is a major pest of tomato crops worldwide. Controlling this insect is difficult due to its efficient infestation, rapid proliferation, and resilience to changing weather conditions. Furthermore, chemical pesticides have only a short‐term effect due to rapid development of T. absoluta strains. Here, we show that a variety of tomato cultivars, treated with external phenylalanine solutions exhibit high resistance to T. absoluta, under both greenhouse and open field conditions, at different locations. A large‐scale metabolomic study revealed that tomato leaves absorb and metabolize externally given Phe efficiently, resulting in a change in their volatile profile, and repellence of T. absoluta moths. The change in the volatile profile is due to an increase in three phenylalanine‐derived benzenoid phenylpropanoid volatiles (BPVs), benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, and 2‐phenylethanol. This treatment had no effect on terpenes and green leaf volatiles, known to contribute to the fight against insects. Phe‐treated plants also increased the resistance of neighboring non‐treated plants. RNAseq analysis of the neighboring non‐treated plants revealed an exclusive upregulation of genes, with enrichment of genes related to the plant immune response system. Exposure of tomato plants to either benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, or 2‐phenylethanol, resulted in induction of genes related to the plant immune system that were also induced due to neighboring Phe‐treated plants. We suggest a novel role of phenylalanine‐derived BPVs as mediators of plant–insect interactions, acting as inducers of the plant defense mechanisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Sampling and Analyses Of Emitted Bpvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Sampling and Analyses Of Emitted Bpvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenylalanine treatment induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta via increased accumulation of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles serving as defense signals

Kumar,

Nadarajan,

Boddupally

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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“…The oxygen sensor was calibrated, and its readings were validated at the beginning of each sampling day against zero (pure N 2 ; 99.999%) and ambient air (21%). Ammonia (trapped in 0.1 M sulfuric acid) was analyzed using a spectrophotometric method with slight modifications after that of Willis et al (1996) and similar to that of Avidov et al (2021b). The method was validated against a standard of 50-ppm ammonia (Balance N 2 58L standard gas; Calgaz, Staffordshire UK), showing a bias of <4%.…”

Section: Spatial-temporal Mapping Of Physicochemical Properties Of Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Field–Lab Approach for Assessing Salmonella Infantis Persistence in Broiler Litter in a Stockpile and Composting Sleeve

Avidov

Varma

Saadi

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Broiler litter (BL) is often contaminated by a variety of zoonotic pathogens. This study attempts to assess the persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) in BL based on spatial and temporal variation of physicochemical properties in a stockpile and composting sleeve. A single trial of two pilot-scale setups, ~35 m3 each, included an open static pile (stockpile) and composting in a polyethylene sleeve with forced aeration. The initial water content was adjusted only for the sleeve (~50% w/w) as in a common composting practice. Both systems were monitored weekly and then biweekly during 2 months in 47–53 sampling points each on every campaign. Measurements included temperature, water content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), gas-phase oxygen, and ammonia, and the collected data were used to construct multiple contour grid maps. Of the stockpile volume, 83, 71, and 62% did not reach the commonly required minimum temperature of 55°C for three consecutive days during the first, second, and third weeks, respectively. Oxygen levels showed a strong gradient across the stockpile, while anaerobic conditions prevailed in the core. Variation was also recorded within the sleeve, but due to the water content adjustment and active aeration, the conditions favored more intense degradation and higher temperatures. Combining the grid maps drawn in this study with decay rate constants recently published for S. Infantis in BL under 36 combinations of temperature, water content, and pH, we assessed the spatial persistence of S. Infantis in the stockpile and the sleeve. Temperature was shown as a major factor, while water content and pH had only a small effect, in the stockpile only. Co-correlations between temperature, water content, EC, and oxygen suggest that selected physicochemical properties may be sufficient for such assessments. Up to 3 weeks would be recommended to achieve 7–8 log10 reduction in Salmonella in a stockpile, while this would be fully achieved within 1 week in a sleeve. This approach of combining high-resolution spatial field sampling along with decay rates of pathogens under controlled lab conditions may improve quantitative microbial risk assessments and future regulations of manure utilization.

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“…Throughout the poultry production chain, the solid waste obtained is composed of feed, litter with excreta, incubation scraps, and chicken carcass (Costa et al, 2017), which are a source of pathogenic bacteria, endangering the triad human-animals-environment (Chiarelotto et al, 2021). Thus, as a strategy for eliminating and inactivating pathogens, several procedures can be performed, such as alkaline hydrolysis, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and composting (Staroń et al, 2017;Arias et al, 2018;Avidov et al, 2021), preventing the spread of diseases and environmental contamination (Berge et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Months of Composting Are Enough to Eliminate the Fowl Typhoid Bacteria

IC,

LB,

MMS

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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The composting technique has been increasingly highlighted in poultry production units, as an efficient and low-cost solution for the destination of carcasses. The process is based on the accelerated decomposition of organic material under high temperatures, associated with eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and the time necessary for the elimination of Salmonella Gallinarum in carcasses of poultry submitted to the composting process. The composting was carried out following the models used in the field, and microbiological analysis was performed in five different periods: 45, 90, 120, 150 and 180-days after closing the composter. After 90 days of experiment and in the subsequent analysis, the elimination of the bacteria in 100% of the samples was verified, validating the composting process as an effective method for eliminating S. Gallinarum in poultry carcasses, when respecting the period necessary for the elimination of the bacteria and the good quality of the structure adopted for the process.

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Physical and chemical indicators of transformations of poultry carcass parts and broiler litter during short term thermophilic composting

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Phenylalanine treatment induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta via increased accumulation of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles serving as defense signals

Phenylalanine treatment induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta via increased accumulation of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles serving as defense signals

A Combined Field–Lab Approach for Assessing Salmonella Infantis Persistence in Broiler Litter in a Stockpile and Composting Sleeve

Three Months of Composting Are Enough to Eliminate the Fowl Typhoid Bacteria

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