Physical and chemical characterizations of corn stover and poplar solids resulting from leading pretreatment technologies

Kumar, Rajeev; Mago, Gaurav; Balan, Venkatesh; Wyman, Charles E.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.075

Cited by 757 publications

(460 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…2(a-c): FE-SEM of (a) UT, (b) FT1 and (c) FT2 treated fibers at different reaction condition at 5000x magnification specifically on lignin, the deposition composition should be studied thoroughly. Thus, it was concluded that the smoothness of the fiber surface could be due to the removal of loosely bonded lignin and then precipitation of the hydrolyzed lignin, as a smooth layer on the fiber surface which is similar to the finding of Kumar et al (2009).…”

Section: Elemental Composition Of Treated Fibersupporting

confidence: 69%

“…However, the CrI started to reduce when the reaction was prolonged for 2 h. The change in crystallinity index was due to the removal of extracellular lignin from the fiber surface that ultimately improves the crystallinity (Lionetto et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2011) but in the next 3 h fiber showed a decreasing trend. It was expected that a prolong treatment, lignin started to precipitate back on the fiber surface that results in the fall of crystallinity which is supported by the FE-SEM result (Kumar et al, 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Fiber by Laccase

Mahmood¹,

Sulaiman²,

Hashim³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Agricultural Research

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Cellulose and lignin are the two most abundant polymers found in plant cells. Cellulose microfibrils provide mechanical properties to woody cell whereas, hemicelluloses and lignin act as glue in between the crystalline cellulose. Cellulose crystallinity directly affects the physico-chemical behavior of the individual fiber such as modulus, hardness, stiffness, tensile and swelling-shrinkage properties and ultimately to its product. This study aims to improve the physico-chemical properties of rubber wood fiber by laccase hydrolysis in order to improve the crystalline structure. Two different times of reactions i.e., 60 and 120 min were applied at constant temperature 25°C, enzyme concentration 7 U gG 1 and pH 5. After the pulp treatment, fibers were sieved out and transferred in to autoclave at 121°C for 15 min to stop further enzyme reaction. Treated fiber was dried in electric oven drier at 80-90°C for 24 h to dry up the fiber until zero moisture content. Crystallinity index of the fiber was measured by X-ray diffraction method and it was observed maximum up to 14% higher compared to untreated fiber. The treated fiber was further analyzed for elemental composition, FE-SEM and TGA and compared with untreated fiber in order to evaluate its properties. Fiber treated with enzyme exhibited superiority in fiber surface structure and thermal degradation over untreated fibers. A fiber with improved mechanical strength and crystalline structure can be utilized for various purposes to produce high quality product.

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Section: Elemental Composition Of Treated Fibersupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Fiber by Laccase

Mahmood¹,

Sulaiman²,

Hashim³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Agricultural Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are also becoming more cost-effective as compared to other pretreatment options (George et al 2015). ILs are efficient for biomass dissolution, which is typically reported as a change in crystallinity index (CrI) (Kumar et al 2009;Segal et al 1959;Thygesen et al 2005). For example, the degrees of crystallinity in cellulose reconstituted after being dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 3 C 1 Im]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 4 C 1 Im]Cl) were lower than untreated cellulose, resulting in an increased accessibility of the polysaccharide chains to cellulases (Dadi et al 2007;Dadi et al 2006;Liu and Chen 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid-tolerant microorganisms and microbial communities for lignocellulose conversion to bioproducts

Simmons

Singer

et al. 2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Chemical and physical pretreatment of biomass is a critical step in the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and bioproducts. Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment has attracted significant attention due to the unique ability of certain ILs to solubilize some or all components of the plant cell wall. However, these ILs not only inhibit enzyme activities, but also the growth and productivity of microorganisms used in downstream hydrolysis and fermentation processes.While pretreated biomass can be washed to remove residual IL and reduce inhibition, extensive washing is costly and not feasible in large-scale processes. IL tolerant microorganisms and microbial communities have been discovered from environmental samples and studies begun to elucidate mechanisms of IL tolerance. The discovery of IL tolerance in environmental microbial communities and individual microbes has lead to the proposal of molecular mechanisms of resistance. In this article, we review recent progress on discovering IL tolerant microorganisms, identifying metabolic pathways and mechanisms of tolerance, and engineering microorganisms for IL tolerance. Research in these areas will yield new approaches to overcome inhibition in lignocellulosic biomass bioconversion processes and increase opportunities for the use of ILs in biomass pretreatment.

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“…As shown in Fig. 1(a), the spectral intensity of characteristic function groups at 1730 cm -1 of C=O in xylan decreased (Kootstra et al 2009), while the spectral intensity at 1460 cm -1 of the CH2 in-plane bending vibration increased for the pretreated sample (Kumar et al 2009). This indicates that the LCC and C=O bonds of xylan in hybrid Pennisetum were destroyed after the [Amim]Cl pretreatment (He et al 2008).…”

Section: Changes In Microstructure Of Cellulose Of Hybrid Pennisetummentioning

confidence: 84%

Microstructure Properties and Cellulase Hydrolysis Efficiency of Hybrid Pennisetum with [Amim]Cl Pretreatment

et al. 2016

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The complex microstructure of lignocellulosic biomass restricts its conversion into bio-ethanol. In this study, the effects of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) pretreatment on the microstructure properties and cellulase hydrolysis efficiency of hybrid Pennisetum (P. americanum × P. purpureum, lignocellulosic biomass) were investigated. After the [Amim]Cl pretreatment, the bonds of lignincarbohydrate complex (LCC) and C=O in xylan were destroyed and the content of inter-molecular H-bonds O(6)H…O(3') decreased by 47.2%, while the content of intra-molecular H-bonds of O(2)H…O(6) and O(3)H…O(5) increased by 9.5% and 47.0%, respectively. The crystallinity and the crystallite size decreased by 20.8% and 42.22%, respectively, and the cellulose crystalline structure changed from cellulose crystalline I to cellulose crystalline II. The specific surface area increased from 0.15 to 10.11 m 2 /g after the [Amim]Cl pretreatment. The glucose recovery increased by 10.3 times after being pretreated with [Amim]Cl, compared with the unpretreated sample.

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Physical and chemical characterizations of corn stover and poplar solids resulting from leading pretreatment technologies

Cited by 757 publications

References 99 publications

Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Fiber by Laccase

Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Fiber by Laccase

Ionic liquid-tolerant microorganisms and microbial communities for lignocellulose conversion to bioproducts

Microstructure Properties and Cellulase Hydrolysis Efficiency of Hybrid Pennisetum with [Amim]Cl Pretreatment

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