Physical and Biological Properties of Bioaerosols

Löndahl, Jakob

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5582-1_3

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This would seem to make their presence in an active form unlikely in an aerosol sample. However, they are known to form biofilms, which can help them persist in aerated environments [56], consistent with more recent studies showing the presence of bacterial biofilms in aerosols [57].…”

Section: Bacterial Community Structure and Diversitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Airborne Bacterial and Eukaryotic Community Structure across the United Kingdom Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

et al. 2020

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Primary biological aerosols often include allergenic and pathogenic microorganisms posing potential risks to human health. Moreover, there are airborne plant and animal pathogens that may have ecological and economic impact. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing techniques (Illumina, MiSeq) targeting the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria and the 18S rRNA genes of eukaryotes, to characterize airborne primary biological aerosols. We used a filtration system on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft to sample a range of primary biological aerosols across southern England overflying surface measurement sites from Chilbolton to Weybourne. We identified 30 to 60 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 108 to 224 eukaryotic OTUs per sample. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant numbers of genera that have not been found in atmospheric samples previously or only been described in limited number of atmospheric field studies, which are rather old or published in local journals. This includes the genera Gordonia, Lautropia, and Psychroglaciecola. Some of the bacterial genera found in this study include potential human pathogens, for example, Gordonia, Sphingomonas, Chryseobacterium, Morganella, Fusobacterium, and Streptococcus. 18S rRNA gene sequencing showed Cladosporium to be the major genus in all of the samples, which is a well-known allergen and often found in the atmosphere. There were also genetic signatures of potentially allergenic taxa; for example, Pleosporales, Phoma, and Brassicales. Although there was no significant clustering of bacterial and eukaryotic communities depending on the sampling location, we found meteorological factors explaining significant variations in the community composition. The findings in this study support the application of DNA-based sequencing technologies for atmospheric science studies in combination with complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques for improved identification of primary biological aerosols.

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Section: Bacterial Community Structure and Diversitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Airborne Bacterial and Eukaryotic Community Structure across the United Kingdom Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

et al. 2020

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“…Bubble bursting produces two kinds of droplets: film droplets released in high numbers (up to 1000 per bubble) from the bursting film, and jet droplets released vertically upwards in limited numbers (up to 10 per bubble). Both film drops, with typical diameters of 1–10 μm, and jet drops, which are bigger with diameters of 6–100 μm (Löndahl, 2014), are large enough to carry bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aerosolization and Drying on the Viability of Pseudomonas syringae Cells

et al. 2018

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Airborne dispersal of microorganisms influences their biogeography, gene flow, atmospheric processes, human health and transmission of pathogens that affect humans, plants and animals. The extent of their impact depends essentially on cell-survival rates during the process of aerosolization. A central factor for cell-survival is water availability prior to and upon aerosolization. Also, the ability of cells to successfully cope with stress induced by drying determines their chances of survival. In this study, we used the ice-nucleation active, plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strain R10.79 as a model organism to investigate the effect of drying on cell survival. Two forms of drying were simulated: drying of cells in small droplets aerosolized from a wet environment by bubble bursting and drying of cells in large droplets deposited on a surface. For drying of cells both in aerosol and surface droplets, the relative humidity (RH) was varied in the range between 10 and 90%. The fraction of surviving cells was determined by live/dead staining followed by flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effect of salt concentration in the water droplets on the survival of drying cells by varying the ionic strength between 0 and 700 mM using NaCl and sea salt. For both aerosol and surface drying, cell survival increased with decreasing RH (p < 0.01), and for surface drying, survival was correlated with increasing salt concentration (p < 0.001). Imaging cells with TEM showed shrunk cytoplasm and cell wall damage for a large fraction of aerosolized cells. Ultimately, we observed a 10-fold higher fraction of surviving cells when dried as aerosol compared to when dried on a surface. We conclude that the conditions, under which cells dry, significantly affect their survival and thus their success to spread through the atmosphere and colonize new environments as well as their ability to affect atmospheric processes.

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“…Furthermore, the neighbouring ice core sites of JUR and SKBL share similar regions of spatial correlation (0.67≤R≤0.78, p<0.05) (Figure 3). Numerous studies have highlighted the relationship between wind strength and sea-spray production (Blanchard, 1963;Schlichting, 1974;Monahan et al, 1983;Callaghan et al, 2007;Löndahl, 2014;Tesson et al, 2016;Wiśniewska et al, 2019;Marks et al, 2019). Stronger winds have been shown to enhance the production of sea-spray aerosols, including microalgae, which implies an increased transfer of diatoms from the sea-surface microlayer into the atmosphere (Marks et al, 2019).…”

Section: Temporal Variability Of the Diatom Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional validation of the use of diatoms in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula as a Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind proxy

Tetzner

Thomas

Allen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds are among the most important drivers of recently observed environmental changes in West Antarctica. However, the lack of long-term wind records in this region hinders our ability to assess the long-term context of these variations. Ice core proxy records yield valuable information about past environmental changes, although current proxies present limitations when aiming to reconstruct past winds. Here we present the first regional wind study based on the novel use of diatoms preserved in Antarctic ice cores. We assess the temporal variability in diatom abundance and its relation to regional environmental parameters spanning a 20-year period across three sites in the southern Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. Correlation analyses reveal that the temporal variability of diatom abundance from high elevation ice core sites is driven by changes in wind strength over the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind belt. Validating the use of diatoms preserved in ice cores from the Southern Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land as a proxy for reconstructing past variations in wind strength over the Pacific sector of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind belt.

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Physical and Biological Properties of Bioaerosols

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Airborne Bacterial and Eukaryotic Community Structure across the United Kingdom Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

Airborne Bacterial and Eukaryotic Community Structure across the United Kingdom Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

Effect of Aerosolization and Drying on the Viability of Pseudomonas syringae Cells

Regional validation of the use of diatoms in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula as a Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind proxy

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