Physical activity, trauma, and ALS: a case-control study

Strickland, Daniel; Smith, Stephen A.; Dolliff, G.; Goldman, Linda; Roelofs, Robert I.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00038.x

Cited by 95 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Our results are in keeping with preceding reports showing no relation between smoking and ALS [13,20,28], in contrast with others [1,7,8,10,11,17,19,21,22,26,27,[30][31][32][33][34]. The causal relationship between smoking and the risk of ALS in the aforementioned studies is actually rather unclear, with increasing risk found alternatively in former smokers [19], in current smokers [11,26,31,34] and in women only [34].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Rural environment and risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case–control study

et al. 2009

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The aetiology of sporadic ALS is still unknown. Links with several environmental factors have been suggested, and some epidemiological studies have shown an increased incidence of ALS in rural populations. This study was designed to investigate risk exposures in a well-delimited rural population and to assess whether rural residency or occupations, such as farming, were associated with an increased risk of developing ALS. A prospective case-control-study of 108 sporadic ALS cases matched by age and sex to 122 controls was performed in Brittany from 2006 to 2008. A strong association was found between agricultural activity and ALS (odds ratio: 2.919; p = 0.01), while rural residence itself did not influence the risk of the disease. Bulbar forms of onset prevailed among agricultural workers as compared with other occupations (55 vs. 26%; p = 0.009). These results suggest a potential role of exposure to agricultural chemicals or contact with animals linked to agricultural work. The prevalence of bulbar forms of onset in agricultural workers has not been reported before. In addition to variable methodological approaches, differences in agricultural practices could explain the discrepancy between these findings and other studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Rural environment and risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case–control study

et al. 2009

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“…Although there is some debate about the value of exercise in ALS, as well as whether regular exercise throughout one's lifetime is a risk factor for ALS in humans, 9,32,37,42,46 we believed that endurance training might increase antioxidant enzyme capacity 20,21,38 and mitochondrial capacity 17 or induce regular release of neurotrophic factors from muscle, 12,13,28,48,53 which would ultimately protect spinal motor neurons or skeletal muscles in the G93A mouse. However, our results showed that high-intensity endurance exercise training had no effect on disease onset in male and female mice and decreased survival by 11 days in male mice only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although it was suggested the regular exercise may be beneficial as treatment during the early 9 and late 37 stages of the disease, others have hypothesized that lifelong, habitual heavy exercise may be a risk factor for developing ALS in humans. 32,42,46 However, endurance exercise training is known to induce cellular adaptations in both skeletal muscle and brain that may be beneficial to patients with ALS. In skeletal muscle, endurance training increases the capacity of the major antioxidant enzymes, 20,21,38 reduces oxidative stress following an acute bout of exercise 35 and increases resistance to oxidative stress in aged rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of high‐intensity endurance exercise training in the G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2004

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The G93A transgenic mouse has a mutation in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) that results in oxidative stress and motor neuron loss. Endurance exercise training is known to increase antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle. Therefore, we hypothesized that endurance training may extend onset of disease or survival in the G93A mouse. We examined the effects of high-intensity endurance exercise training (45 min/day, 5 times/week, progressive increase from 9 to 22 m/min) on disease onset and survival in G93A mice. Endurance training did not affect clinical onset, although it hastened death in male mice (P < 0.05). Endurance-trained males had a statistically significant decrease in rotarod performance at 112 days (P < 0.05), whereas sedentary males decreased at 119 days (P < 0.05). Endurance-trained and sedentary females decreased at 126 days and 129 days, respectively (P < 0.05). Female mice lived longer than males (P < 0.05), and there was a trend for hastened clinical onset in males (P = 0.062). We conclude that high-intensity endurance exercise training does not affect onset of clinical symptoms in G93A mice but hastens a decrease in motor performance and death following onset of clinical symptoms in male mice only. In light of a recent report describing increased survival following low-intensity endurance training, it appears that training intensity is an important determinant of survival in the G93A mouse.

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“…Some studies have suggested that a family history of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), is an important factor in the development of ALS [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Many other epidemiologic investigations have focused on the risk associated with traumatic events, such as skeletal fractures [1][2][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], electrical shocks [2,4,10,12,16,18], and surgeries [1-4, 8-10, 13, 14, 18, 19], but with conflicting results. Researchers have also examined the relation of several other factors to ALS including residential history, specifically pertaining to rural residence [3,14,18,19,21,23,25], a history of travel to the areas of the western Pacific where ALS is considered endemic, such as Guam, New Guinea, and the Kii peninsula of Japan [2,10,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Trauma and Family History of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

et al. 1999

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This population-based case-control study was conducted in three counties in western Washington state (USA) between 1990 and 1994 to assess the association between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and several hypothesized risk factors, including a family history of neurodegenerative diseases, physical trauma (fractures, electrical shocks, and surgeries), rural residence, travel, and medical history. One hundred seventy-four cases with ALS, newly diagnosed by neurologists, were identified through several case-finding methods. Two controls (n = 348), who were matched to each case by gender and age (±5 years), were identified through random digit telephone dialing or Medicare lists. Exposure data were collected through structured in-person interviews. A greater proportion of cases (2.3%) than controls (0.9%) reported a first-degree relative with ALS, resulting in an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% CI, 0.6–15.7). For a positive family history of ALS among second-degree relatives, the odds ratio was 4.0 (95% CI, 1.0–16.6). Overall, reports of first- or second-degree relatives with ALS yielded a significantly elevated odds ratio of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.1–9.9). No association was found with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease, or with a family history of the neurodegenerative diseases as a group. No significant associations were demonstrated for any of the other factors analyzed, including a history of fractures, electrical shocks, or surgeries, a history of residence in rural areas, a history of travel to areas in the western Pacific where ALS is endemic, and a medical history of polio, polio immunization, or tetanus immunization.

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Physical activity, trauma, and ALS: a case-control study

Abstract: Severe head, neck, and back injury and frequency of sweating both in work and leisure activity showed a strong association with ALS. Further study could test narrower and less common exposures with greater statistical power.

Cited by 95 publications

References 12 publications

Rural environment and risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case–control study

Rural environment and risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case–control study

Effects of high‐intensity endurance exercise training in the G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Physical Trauma and Family History of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

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