Physical activity to reduce mortality risk

Hupin, David; Édouard, Pascal; Gremeaux,; Garet, Martin; Celle, Sébastien; Pichot,; Maudoux, Delphine; Barthelemy, J. C.; Roche, Frédéric

doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx236

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The existing body of evidence, from a meta-analysis of nine international cohort studies also reported stronger inverse associations for cardiovascular disease mortality, compared with cancer mortality. 26 27 The weaker associations with cancer mortality might reflect the notion that cancers are a collection of neoplastic diseases, which might be aetiologically diverse and characterised by separate pathophysiologies. 1 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study

Mok

Khaw

Luben

et al. 2019

BMJ

261

194

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ObjectiveTo assess the prospective associations of baseline and long term trajectories of physical activity on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingAdults from the general population in the UK.Participants14 599 men and women (aged 40 to 79) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort, assessed at baseline (1993 to 1997) up to 2004 for lifestyle and other risk factors; then followed to 2016 for mortality (median of 12.5 years of follow-up, after the last exposure assessment).Main exposurePhysical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) derived from questionnaires, calibrated against combined movement and heart rate monitoring.Main outcome measuresMortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for age, sex, sociodemographics, and changes in medical history, overall diet quality, body mass index, blood pressure, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels.ResultsDuring 171 277 person years of follow-up, 3148 deaths occurred. Long term increases in PAEE were inversely associated with mortality, independent of baseline PAEE. For each 1 kJ/kg/day per year increase in PAEE (equivalent to a trajectory of being inactive at baseline and gradually, over five years, meeting the World Health Organization minimum physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity), hazard ratios were: 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.82) for all cause mortality, 0.71 (0.62 to 0.82) for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 0.89 (0.79 to 0.99) for cancer mortality, adjusted for baseline PAEE, and established risk factors. Similar results were observed when analyses were stratified by medical history of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Joint analyses with baseline and trajectories of physical activity show that, compared with consistently inactive individuals, those with increasing physical activity trajectories over time experienced lower risks of mortality from all causes, with hazard ratios of 0.76 (0.65 to 0.88), 0.62 (0.53 to 0.72), and 0.58 (0.43 to 0.78) at low, medium, and high baseline physical activity, respectively. At the population level, meeting and maintaining at least the minimum physical activity recommendations would potentially prevent 46% of deaths associated with physical inactivity.ConclusionsMiddle aged and older adults, including those with cardiovascular disease and cancer, can gain substantial longevity benefits by becoming more physically active, irrespective of past physical activity levels and established risk factors. Considerable population health impacts can be attained with consistent engagement in physical activity during mid to late life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study

Mok

Khaw

Luben

et al. 2019

BMJ

261

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been irrefutably demonstrated that physical activity is important in the prevention of, primarily, becoming overweight or obese, as well as noninfectious diseases [1]. Being physically active can reduce the risk of mortality, in particular from cardiovascular disease [2]. Increasing one's energy expenditure associated with physical activity of 1000 kcal/week reduces the risk of death from all causes from 20% to 30% [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Diet, Physical Activity and Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units

et al. 2020

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Research from recent years indicates a problem of excessive body weight among soldiers, who, due to the kind of work carried out, should possess good health and fitness levels. The aim of the study was to determine the association between diet and physical activity and the nutritional status of soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units. One hundred and twenty male soldiers (aged 28 ± 5 years) completed a questionnaire (food frequency questionnaire, long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and bone calcification of the forearm was assessed by the DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) densitometric method. This study confirmed the association between both the diet and physical activity and body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) expressed as T-score. Significant negative correlations were found between BMI and the frequency of consumption of cereal products, meat products and fish, and nonalcoholic beverages, between FMI and cereal products, and between BMD T-score and meat products and fish, fat, nuts, and grains, sweets and snacks, and nonalcoholic beverages. Physical activity expressed as metabolic equivalent (MET-minutes/week) negatively correlated with FMI (but not BMI) and positively correlated with the BMD T-score. This study confirmed numerous irregularities in eating behavior and in nutritional status indices; therefore, there is a need for nutritional education and further monitoring of both dietary behaviors and nutritional status of soldiers.

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“…Regular exercise training has an important impact on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function [1], improving cardiac parasympathetic regulation, reducing sympathetic tone, increasing baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability (HRV), further providing protective effects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [1,2] and reducing all-cause mortality [3,4]. Hypoxic exercise (i. e. exercise under reduced oxygen availability) has been shown to represent a valid alternative to normoxic exercise to provide an adequate training stimulus, promoting beneficial physiological training adaptations as well as positive healthrelated outcomes [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Autonomic and Physiological Responses to Moderate- intensity Exercise in Hypoxia

et al. 2019

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Exercise physiological responses can be markedly affected by acute hypoxia. We investigated cardiac autonomic and physiological responses to different hypoxic training protocols. Thirteen men performed three exercise sessions (5×5-min; 1-min passive recovery): normoxic exercise at 80% of the power output (PO) at the first ventilatory threshold (N), hypoxic exercise (FiO2=14.2%) with the same PO as N (HPO) and hypoxic exercise at the same heart rate (HR) as N (HHR). PO was lower in HHR (21.1±9.3%) compared to N and HPO. Mean HR was higher in HPO (154±11 bpm, p<0.01) than N and HHR (139±10 vs. 138±9 bpm; p=0.80). SpO2 was reduced (p<0.01) to a similar extent (p>0.05) in HPO and HHR compared to N. HR recovery (HRR) and HR variability indices were similar in N and HHR (p>0.05) but reduced in HPO (p<0.05), mirroring a delayed parasympathetic reactivation. Blood lactate and ventilation were similar in N and HHR (p>0.05) and increased in HPO (p<0.001). During recovery oxygen consumption and ventilation were similar in N and HHR (p>0.05) and increased in HPO (p<0.01). Moderate HR-matched hypoxic exercise triggers similar cardiac autonomic and physiological responses to normoxic exercise with a reduced mechanical load. On the contrary, the same absolute intensity exercise in hypoxia is associated with increased exercise-induced metabolic stress and delayed cardiac autonomic recovery.

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Physical activity to reduce mortality risk

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study

Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study

Association Between Diet, Physical Activity and Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units

Cardiac Autonomic and Physiological Responses to Moderate- intensity Exercise in Hypoxia

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