Physical activity, structural brain changes and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study

Kooistra, Minke; Boss, Hildegard; Graaf, Yolanda van der; Kappelle, L. Jaap; Biessels, Geert Jan; Geerlings, Mirjam I.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.003

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other population studies and meta-analyses support an association between PA and cognitive function 20,22,31 . Conversely, Kooistra et al did not find any association between PA and cognitive performance or cognitive decline in a baseline analysis of 1,232 participants of the SMART-RM study 16 . These inconsistencies could be related to differences in populations and tools used to measure cognitive function and PA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It has been postulated that exercise promotes healthy aging and has beneficial effects on cognition in the elderly 12 . Several cross-sectional analyses and interventional studies have found positive associations between PA, especially aerobic exercise, and cognitive function in the elderly [13][14][15][16] . These studies strongly suggest that the PA association with cognitive function is relevant enough to be taken into consideration when designing lifestyle interventions addressed to improve health in the elderly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies strongly suggest that the PA association with cognitive function is relevant enough to be taken into consideration when designing lifestyle interventions addressed to improve health in the elderly. However, reported associations between PA and cognitive health are often small to moderate, depending on the cognitive domain, and inconsistent across studies [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . PA has also been associated with a better subjective quality of life 24,25 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Physical fitness and physical activity association with cognitive function and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Daimiel

Martínez‐González

Corella

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to be effective to maintaining cognitive function and delay cognitive decline in the elderly, but physical fitness (PF) could be a better predictor of cognitive function. We aimed to study the association between PA and PF with cognitive function and quality of life using cross-sectional data from 6874 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus trial (64.9 ± 4.9 years, 48.5% female). PF and PA were measured with a Chair Stand Test, the REGICOR and Rapid Assessment Physical Activity questionnaires. Cognitive function was measured with Minimental State Examination, Control Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span tests; whereas health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF36-HRQL test. Cognitive and quality of life scores were compared among PF quartiles and PA levels (low, moderate and high) with ANCOVA and with Chair Stand repetitions and energy expenditure from total PA with multivariable linear regression adjusted for confounding factors. PF associated with higher scores in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests and with lower TMT A time. However, PA was not associated with the neurocognitive parameters evaluated. Both PF and PA levels were strongly associated with a better quality of life. We concluded that PF, but not PA, is associated with a better cognitive function. This trial was retrospectively registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870?q=ISRCTN89898870&filters=&sort=&o ffset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search) on 07/24/2014. Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:3472 | https://doi.Cognitive impairment was assessed with the Mini-mental State Examination test (MMSE) and the Clock-Drawing test (CDT) [52][53][54] . The MMSE test is a 30-point questionnaire that examines domains like time and spatial orientation, immediate and deferred recall, attention, calculation, and language. A score is calculated for each domain, and all are added to obtain a total MMSE score. A threshold of 24 is defined to identify cognitive impairment. The CDT is useful to examine visuospatial functioning and memory. Participants are required to draw a clock with a specific time, and a numeric score of 0 or 1 is given depending if they correctly or incorrectly draw the numbers, minute and seconds clock hands and the requested time 49 . All scores are sum to get a total CDT score.All cognitive tests were applied by nutritionists who had been previously trained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Physical fitness and physical activity association with cognitive function and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Daimiel

Martínez‐González

Corella

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Kooistra et al [88•] examined the effects of leisure time physical activity on the brain among a large sample of patients with vascular disease (baseline n = 1,232; follow-up n =663). Increased metabolic equivalents at baseline (as assessed by a self-reporting physical activity questionnaire) correlated with larger total brain volume and a trend for smaller ventricular volume and decreased risk of brain infarcts.…”

Section: Impact Of Aerobic Exercise On Neural Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive and Neural Decline in Aging and Cardiovascular Disease

2014

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Aging is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions, particularly in the domains of executive function, processing speed and episodic memory. These age-related declines are exacerbated by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, elevated total cholesterol). Structural and functional alterations in brain regions, including the fronto-parietal and medial temporal lobes, have been linked to age- and CVD-related cognitive decline. Multiple recent studies indicate that aerobic exercise programs may slow the progression of age-related neural changes and reduce the risk for mild cognitive impairment as well as dementia. We review age- and CVD-related decline in cognition and the underlying changes in brain morphology and function, and then clarify the impact of aerobic exercise on moderating these patterns.

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“…One cohort study found that physical activity was associated with better preservation of cognitive function; 16 another recent study could not confirm this association. 17 Until now, three observational studies and only one randomised controlled trial have assessed the effect of a physical exercise programme on cognition in patients with a TIA or stroke. 18–21 This randomised controlled trial only included patients who had a stroke more than 6 months ago and found an improvement in motor learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised controlled trial of aerobic exercise after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke to prevent cognitive decline: the MoveIT study protocol

et al. 2014

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IntroductionPatients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke are at risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. Currently, there is no known effective strategy to prevent this cognitive decline. Increasing evidence exists that physical exercise is beneficial for cognitive function. However, in patients with TIA or stroke who are at risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, only a few trials have been conducted. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a physical exercise programme (MoveIT) can prevent cognitive decline in patients in the acute phase after a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke.Methods and analysisA single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise programme on cognition compared with usual care. 120 adult patients with a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke less than 1 month ago will be randomly allocated to an exercise programme consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme and regular follow-up visits to a specialised physiotherapist during the period of 1 year or to usual care. Outcome measures will be assessed at the baseline, and at the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The primary outcome is cognitive functioning measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and with additional neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes include maximal exercise capacity, self-reported physical activity and measures of secondary prevention.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval from the VU University Amsterdam Ethics committee (2011/383). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. We will also disseminate the main results to our participants in a letter.Trial registration numberThe Nederlands Trial Register NTR3884.

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Physical activity, structural brain changes and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Physical fitness and physical activity association with cognitive function and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Physical fitness and physical activity association with cognitive function and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive and Neural Decline in Aging and Cardiovascular Disease

A randomised controlled trial of aerobic exercise after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke to prevent cognitive decline: the MoveIT study protocol

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