Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and estimated insulin sensitivity and secretion in pregnant and non-pregnant women

Gradmark, Anna; Pomeroy, Jeremy; Renström, Frida; Steiginga, Susanne; Persson, Margareta; Wright, Antony; Bluck, Les; Domellöf, Magnus; Kahn, Steven E.; Mogren, Ingrid; Franks, Paul W.

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-44

Cited by 62 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Participation in physical activity decreases blood glucose concentration, increases insulin sensitivity, improves cardiovascular ﬁtness and leads to a lower body fat (25). Evidence indicates the existence of these beneﬁcial effects during pregnancy, with respect to insulin sensitivity and B cell response (26, 27). Han et al did not observe any overall benefit of exercise during pregnancy (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Nasiri-Amiri

Bakhtiari

Faramarzi

et al. 2016

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent meta-analysis study suggested that more research is needed to investigate the type, duration and intensity of physical activity that can help to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to understand the association between physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus through comparing the type and intensity of physical activity performed by pregnant females with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant females in the first 20 weeks of their pregnancy.Patients and MethodsIn the current case-control study, 100 pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus as the case group and 100 pregnant females as the non-diabetic control group were recruited. The age range of the participants was 18 - 40 years with the gestation of 20 - 28 weeks. To diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus using the criteria introduced by carpenter and coustan females with abnormal glucose challenge test (> 140 mg/dL) were asked to perform the three-hour 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. The details of physical activity were collected by a modified version of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric and relevant data were recorded for all of the participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Risk estimates were obtained by logistic regression and adjusted for confounders.ResultsFemales who had low total physical activity according to the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire during early pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.12, 95% CI (2.28 - 7.43), P = 0.001) compared to the ones who reported higher levels of physical activity. Moreover, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity and a family history of diabetes, females with low physical activity in the domain of transportation activity during 20 weeks of pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. The statistical findings indicate that females with the low intensity of sedentary, light and moderate physical activity are at a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.21-4.43, P = 0.010, OR 6.26; 95% CI 2.95 - 13.30, P = 0.001 and OR 6.73; 95% CI 3.15 - 14.38, P = 0.001) compared to females with a higher intensity of sedentary, light and moderate physical activity.ConclusionsThe amount and intensity of physical activity during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. As a result, the pregnant Iranian females have to be encouraged to do regular daily physical activity during pregnancy, if there is no specific contraindication to it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Nasiri-Amiri

Bakhtiari

Faramarzi

et al. 2016

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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“…Additionally, resting energy expenditure (REE) and anthropometric characteristics were measured [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Daily Energy Expenditure in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women Using a Wrist-Worn Tri-Axial Accelerometer

et al. 2011

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BackgroundFew studies have compared the validity of objective measures of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in pregnant and non-pregnant women. PAEE is commonly estimated with accelerometers attached to the hip or waist, but little is known about the validity and participant acceptability of wrist attachment. The objectives of the current study were to assess the validity of a simple summary measure derived from a wrist-worn accelerometer (GENEA, Unilever Discover, UK) to estimate PAEE in pregnant and non-pregnant women, and to evaluate participant acceptability.MethodsNon-pregnant (N = 73) and pregnant (N = 35) Swedish women (aged 20–35 yrs) wore the accelerometer on their wrist for 10 days during which total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed using doubly-labelled water. PAEE was calculated as 0.9×TEE-REE. British participants (N = 99; aged 22–65 yrs) wore accelerometers on their non-dominant wrist and hip for seven days and were asked to score the acceptability of monitor placement (scored 1 [least] through 10 [most] acceptable).ResultsThere was no significant correlation between body weight and PAEE. In non-pregnant women, acceleration explained 24% of the variation in PAEE, which decreased to 19% in leave-one-out cross-validation. In pregnant women, acceleration explained 11% of the variation in PAEE, which was not significant in leave-one-out cross-validation. Median (IQR) acceptability of wrist and hip placement was 9(8–10) and 9(7–10), respectively; there was a within-individual difference of 0.47 (p<.001).ConclusionsA simple summary measure derived from a wrist-worn tri-axial accelerometer adds significantly to the prediction of energy expenditure in non-pregnant women and is scored acceptable by participants.

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“…We (5) and others (26,27) reported earlier an association of PA with reduced first-phase insulin response in pregnant women. Here, we provide evidence for an association of MVPA with increased IL-6 plus an association of IL-6 with reduced first-phase insulin response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women Is Associated With Higher Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines and With Reduced Insulin Response Through Interleukin-6

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVEPreviously, we reported the positive association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese pregnant women. We sought to assess whether these MVPA-induced changes in insulin sensitivity are mediated by changes in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and IL-1b. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 46 overweight and obese women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Objective physical activity measurements and fasting blood samples were taken at 15, 24, and 32 weeks of pregnancy. At 24 and 32 weeks, a 100-g oral glucose test was performed in addition. Cytokines, C-reactive protein, and glucose and insulin levels were measured, and insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin response were calculated. Relationships between the different parameters were assessed using linear regression models, adjusting for maternal age and BMI. RESULTSAll cytokines were elevated in women with higher levels of MVPA at 15 weeks of gestation. Higher IL-6 was related to a lower first-phase insulin response (b 2810.5 [95% CI -1,524.5 to -96.5]; P = 0.03). TNF-a and IL-1b had different effects in women with low MVPA (with low IL-6 levels) compared with more active women. CRP was not related to MVPA. CONCLUSIONSThe association of MVPA with insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin response may be (partly) mediated by IL-6, since this cytokine was related to reduced firstphase insulin response. The possible positive effects of the elevated cytokine profile in active obese pregnant women warrant further study.

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Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and estimated insulin sensitivity and secretion in pregnant and non-pregnant women

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

The Association Between Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

The Association Between Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Estimation of Daily Energy Expenditure in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women Using a Wrist-Worn Tri-Axial Accelerometer

Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women Is Associated With Higher Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines and With Reduced Insulin Response Through Interleukin-6

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