Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and C-reactive Protein in Pregnancy

Hawkins, Marquis; Pekow, Penelope S.; Chasan‐Taber, Lisa

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a44767

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It appears both groups have elevated cardiovascular disease risk; however, physical activity during pregnancy might modulate this risk in obese women. Our finding is consistent with Hawkins et al who found that physical activity is associated with lower CRP in normal-weight pregnant women (Hawkins et al 2014). Our study extends this work by demonstrating the benefits of physical activity on inflammation also apply to obese pregnant women during late pregnancy- a population at high risk for excessive inflammation during pregnancy and its downstream sequela.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The physiological and hormonal changes associated with pregnancy magnify this risk during and after pregnancy by causing an increase in adiposity and insulin resistance (Artal 2015). In pregnant women of normal body weight, physical activity reduces inflammation (Hawkins et al 2014; Wang et al 2014), as well as improves maternal insulin sensitivity (Hopkins and Artal 2013). In obese pregnant women, physical activity may decrease insulin resistance (van Poppel et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal inflammation during late pregnancy is lower in physically active compared with inactive obese women

Tinius

Cahill

Strand

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to compare maternal plasma inflammation between physically active and inactive obese women during late pregnancy. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationships between maternal plasma inflammation and lipid metabolism and maternal and neonatal metabolic health in these women. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study design was performed in 16 obese-inactive ((OBI) age: 25.0 ± 4.8 years, pre-pregnancy BMI: 36.3 ± 4.3kg/m2, body fat percentage in late gestation: 37.7 ± 3.5%) and 16 obese-active ((OBA) age: 28.9 ± 4.8 years, pre-pregnancy BMI: 34.0±3.7kg/m2, body fat in late gestation: 36.6 ± 3.8%) women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal plasma inflammation (C -reactive protein (CRP)) and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) were measured at rest. Plasma lipid concentration and metabolism (lipid oxidation and lipolysis) were measured at rest, during a 30-minute bout of low-intensity (40% VO2peak) exercise, and during a resting recovery period using indirect calorimetry. Umbilical cord blood was collected for measurement of neonatal plasma insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipid concentration. Neonatal body composition was measured via air displacement plethysmography. Results Maternal plasma CRP concentration was significantly higher in OBI compared to OBA women (9.1 ± 4.0 mg/L versus 6.3 ±2.5mg/L, p=0.02). Maternal plasma CRP concentration was significantly associated with maternal lipolysis (r=0.43, p=0.02), baseline lipid oxidation rate (r=0.39, p=0.03), and baseline plasma free fatty acid concentration (r=0.36, p=0.04). Conclusions Maternal physical activity may reduce inflammation during pregnancy in obese women. Maternal lipid metabolism is related to systemic inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal inflammation during late pregnancy is lower in physically active compared with inactive obese women

Tinius

Cahill

Strand

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Women were also asked if they were ‘mostly sitting’ during their usual daily activities.PoorEvenson, et al (2011) [11]USA359Cross-sectionalPregnant women ≥16 years.ActiGraph accelerometer.Objective.Activities expending <100 counts per minute.IntermediateGollenberg, et al (2010) [36]USA1006CohortLatina ethnicity, age 16–40 years old, singleton pregnancy, and no prior participation in the study.Modified version of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS).Non-objective.Hours spent TV watching per day and frequency of sitting at work.IntermediateGradmark, et al (2011) [47]Sweden101Cross-sectionalNormal weight and overweight women without diabetes were studied.Actiheart monitor.Objective.Epochs with valid heart rate data and zero accelerometry counts/min.IntermediateHawkins, et al (2014 Im.) [48]USA260Randomized controlled trialWomen in their first trimester of pregnancy, between 16 and 40 years old, and at high risk for GDM.Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ).Non-objective.The amount of time spent watching TV or videos, or sitting or standing at home, work, or during transportation.GoodHawkins, et al (2014 PA) [10]USA294Cross-sectionalWomen in the 2003–2006 NHANES study cycles who self-reported currently being pregnant, were 16 year or older, and who had available data on C reactive protein, physical activity, and SB.ActiGraph accelerometer.Objective.Activities expending <100 counts per minute.IntermediateHayes, et al (2014) [49]UK183Randomized controlled trialAll obese (BMI ≥ 30 K/m 2 ) pregnant women.- Acti-Graph accelerometer.- Objective.- Accelerometry: any minute with ≤100 counts/min.Good- Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ).- Non-objective.- RPAQ, minutes spent on activities <1.5 MET.Hegaard, et al (2010) [32]Denmark4558CohortDanish-speaking pregnant women.Self-reported questionnaires.Non-objective.Those who chose “mostly sitting” to describe most correctly her level of leisuretime activity.IntermediateHegaard, et al (2011) [35]Denmark4718…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these studies 1 declared that sleeping was included [9], 2 stated that sleep time was not considered [8, 11], and the rest did not declare anything regarding sleep [10, 12, 44]. Meanwhile the study which assessed using a questionnaire found that women spent 2.4 h per day watching television and the mean of total sitting time was 8.6 h per day [42] (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedentary behaviours during pregnancy: a systematic review

Fazzi

Saunders

Linton

et al. 2017

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

152

106

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BackgroundIn the general population, at least 50% of time awake is spent in sedentary behaviours. Sedentary behaviours are activities that expend less energy than 1.5 metabolic equivalents, such as sitting. The amount of time spent in sedentary behaviours is a risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and death from all causes. Even individuals meeting physical activity guidelines are at a higher risk of premature death and adverse metabolic outcomes if they sit for extended intervals. The associations between sedentary behaviour with type 2 diabetes and with impaired glucose tolerance are stronger for women than for men. It is not known whether sedentary behaviour in pregnancy influences pregnancy outcomes, but if those negative outcomes observed in general adult population also occur in pregnancy, this could have implications for adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring.We aimed to determine the proportion of time spent in sedentary behaviours among pregnant women, and the association of sedentary behaviour with pregnancy outcomes in mothers and offspring.MethodsTwo researchers independently performed the literature search using 5 different electronic bibliographic databases. Studies were included if sedentary behaviours were assessed during pregnancy. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles for quality and bias, and extracted the relevant information.ResultsWe identified 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Pregnant women spent more than 50% of their time in sedentary behaviours. Increased time in sedentary behaviour was significantly associated with higher levels of C Reactive Protein and LDL Cholesterol, and a larger newborn abdominal circumference. Sedentary behaviours were significantly higher among women who delivered macrosomic infants. Discrepancies were found in associations of sedentary behaviour with gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders, and birth weight. No consistent associations were found between sedentary behaviour and other variables such as gestational diabetes. There was considerable variability in study design and methods of assessing sedentary behaviour.ConclusionsOur review highlights the significant time spent in sedentary behaviour during pregnancy, and that sedentary behaviour may impact on pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child. The considerable heterogeneity in the literature suggests future studies should use robust methodology for quantifying sedentary behaviour.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0485-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Measuring Sedentary Behavior During Pregnancy: Comparison Between Self-reported and Objective Measures

Oviedo‐Caro

Bueno‐Antequera

2018

Matern Child Health J

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Objectives To quantify and compare the sedentary time estimated by the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and the sedentary time objectively measured by a multi-sensor monitor (SWA) in pregnant women. Methods One hundred eighty-six participants answered the SBQ and wore the SWA at least 7 valid days. The concordance, correlation, agreement and relative activity levels between both measures of sedentary time were examined. Differences of sedentary time between weekday and weekend and between groups stratified by sociodemographic and clinical characteristic were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. Results Pregnant women were sedentary the 64% of their waking hours. Television viewing is the most prevalent sedentary behavior. The concordance, correlation, and agreement between SBQ and SWA were weak, yet a significant correlation in weekday and average day sedentary time (r = 0.23 and 0.20, P = 0.001 and 0.008, respectively) was observed. A significant linear trend was found for increasing sedentary time between both methods using a relative activity levels analysis. Conclusions for Practice Pregnant women experience high amount of sedentary time, for approximately half of the day. The SBQ shows a low validity and agreement, but strong ability to rank individuals compared with SWA in pregnant women.

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Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and C-reactive Protein in Pregnancy

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Maternal inflammation during late pregnancy is lower in physically active compared with inactive obese women

Maternal inflammation during late pregnancy is lower in physically active compared with inactive obese women

Sedentary behaviours during pregnancy: a systematic review

Measuring Sedentary Behavior During Pregnancy: Comparison Between Self-reported and Objective Measures

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