Physical Activity, Screen-Time Behavior, and Obesity Among 13-Year Olds in Ireland with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

Healy, Seán; Haegele, Justin A.; Grenier, Michelle; Garcia, Jeanette M.

doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2920-4

Cited by 95 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…The studies encompassed a total of 49,937,078 participants and 1,045,538 individuals with ASD. Ten studies were carried out in the United States 24–27,29,30,34–37 , two in Brazil 9,31 , one in Turkey 32 , one in Spain 33 , and one in China 28 . The sample sizes ranged from 40 33 to 986,352 30 individuals with ASD and from 19 9 to 48,598,466 30 controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the method of ascertaining ASD, four studies used parental reports 26,29,30,36 , and the other studies based on their diagnoses on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) 31,32,34 , DSM-V 9,28,32 , Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) 24 , International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) 25 , International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) 27,35 , Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) 24,33,37 , Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) 24,34 , and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) 33 . For the method of ascertaining BMI, three studies included parentally reported data 26,30,36 , ten studies objectively measured the data 9,24,27–29,31–34,37 , and two studies extracted the information from the participants’ medical records 25,35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the method of ascertaining BMI, three studies included parentally reported data 26,30,36 , ten studies objectively measured the data 9,24,27–29,31–34,37 , and two studies extracted the information from the participants’ medical records 25,35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, individuals with ASD often have eating problems, such as food selectivity and specialized dietary habits, which make healthy dietary interventions less effective 38,39 . Second, individuals with ASD spend less time on physical activities and more time on sedentary activities 29 . They also have difficulty in participating in standard obesity prevention initiatives due to behavioral problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain serious public health problems. Although lots of studies have recently explored the association among obesity, overweight and ASD, the findings are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to examine the association among obesity, overweight and ASD. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used for literature searches to identify eligible studies published in English before November 15, 2016. Relevant studies estimating the association among obesity, overweight and ASD were included. Fifteen studies encompassing 49,937,078 participants and 1,045,538 individuals with ASD were included in this study. A random effects model was chosen to synthesize the effect sizes of individual studies. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in individuals with ASD than in controls (OR = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.48, P < 0.001). However, the prevalence of overweight in individuals with ASD was not significantly different from that in controls (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.83–1.38, P = 0.62). Both sensitivity analysis and publication bias testing revealed that the findings were robust. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between obesity and ASD. However, no significant association was identified between overweight and ASD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, the presence of a chronic condition is associated with decreased physical activity and increased levels of sedentary behaviour due to barriers at all levels of the social‐ecological model . This has been documented for youth with a range of chronic conditions and disabilities . Finally, medications, commonly used for the management of chronic conditions, may contribute to weight gain …”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of overweight among youth with chronic conditions in the United States: An update from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Surveillance of overweight trends among youth with chronic conditions can inform the prioritization of funding, research and intervention. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to utilize the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data to provide current estimates of the prevalence of overweight among US youth with common chronic conditions. A secondary purpose was to examine parental concern about weight status among youth with chronic conditions who were overweight. Methods This study included children aged 10 to 17 years with (n=10 997) and without (n=13 408) chronic conditions from the 2016 NSCH. Estimates of overweight, and parental concern for weight status, were compared among youth with 19 common chronic conditions and youth without chronic conditions. Results Overall, youth with chronic conditions were significantly more likely to be overweight compared with youth without chronic conditions (35.4% vs 27.8%). Overweight was most prevalent among youth with diabetes (56.4%), intellectual disabilities (53.6%) and hearing impairments (46.1%). Parents of youth with chronic conditions who were overweight were significantly more concerned that their child's weight was too high than those without chronic conditions. Conclusions This study identifies youth with chronic conditions, particularly those with certain conditions, as being in need of prioritization of funding, research and intervention.

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Screen Time and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Ophir,

Rosenberg,

Tikochinski

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceContemporary studies raise concerns regarding the implications of excessive screen time on the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the existing literature consists of mixed and unquantified findings.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analyis of the association between screen time and ASD.Data SourcesA search was conducted in the PubMed, PsycNET, and ProQuest Dissertation &amp; Theses Global databases for studies published up to May 1, 2023.Study SelectionThe search was conducted independently by 2 authors. Included studies comprised empirical, peer-reviewed articles or dissertations published in English with statistics from which relevant effect sizes could be calculated. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Two authors independently coded all titles and abstracts, reviewed full-text articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and resolved all discrepancies by consensus. Effect sizes were transformed into log odds ratios (ORs) and analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression. Study quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Publication bias was tested via the Egger z test for funnel plot asymmetry. Data analysis was performed in June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe 2 main variables of interest in this study were screen time and ASD. Screen time was defined as hours of screen use per day or per week, and ASD was defined as an ASD clinical diagnosis (yes or no) or ASD symptoms. The meta-regression considered screen type (ie, general use of screens, television, video games, computers, smartphones, and social media), age group (children vs adults or heterogenous age groups), and type of ASD measure (clinical diagnosis vs ASD symptoms).ResultsOf the 4682 records identified, 46 studies with a total of 562 131 participants met the inclusion criteria. The studies were observational (5 were longitudinal and 41 were cross-sectional) and included 66 relevant effect sizes. The meta-analysis resulted in a positive summary effect size (log OR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.34 to 0.74]). A trim-and-fill correction for a significant publication bias (Egger z = 2.15; P = .03) resulted in a substantially decreased and nonsignificant effect size (log OR, 0.22 [95% CI, −0.004 to 0.44]). The meta-regression results suggested that the positive summary effect size was only significant in studies targeting general screen use (β [SE] = 0.73 [0.34]; t58 = 2.10; P = .03). This effect size was most dominant in studies of children (log OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.29]). Interestingly, a negative summary effect size was observed in studies investigating associations between social media and ASD (log OR, −1.24 [95% CI, −1.51 to −0.96]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the proclaimed association between screen use and ASD is not sufficiently supported in the existing literature. Although excessive screen use may pose developmental risks, the mixed findings, the small effect sizes (especially when considering the observed publication bias), and the correlational nature of the available research require further scientific investigation. These findings also do not rule out the complementary hypothesis that children with ASD may prioritize screen activities to avoid social challenges.

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Physical Activity, Screen-Time Behavior, and Obesity Among 13-Year Olds in Ireland with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 95 publications

References 42 publications

Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of overweight among youth with chronic conditions in the United States: An update from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health

Screen Time and Autism Spectrum Disorder

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