Physical Activity Reduces Prostate Carcinogenesis in a Transgenic Model

Abstract

Several epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer. In general, as exercise intensity increased in the rats/mice, the likelihood that physical activity inhibited carcinogenesis increased. In order to establish an animal model to investigate the effects of physical activity on prostate cancer development, the present study used C3(1)Tag mice that are predisposed to prostate cancer due to the directed expression of SV40 oncogenes combined with voluntary wheel running exercise. The results presented indicate that prostatic cancer progression is likely delayed or diminished by wheel running in a dose dependent manner. Mice that ran > 5Km/group exhibited 83% of the dorsolateral prostates as within normal levels for pathology vs. 43% for the < 5 km/day group (p=0.16). In addition, the pathologic progression to high‐grade PIN and local invasion, considered to be an early event in the formation of prostate adenocarcinoma, was significantly reduced with increased running. Forty three percent of dorsolateral prostates from mice that ran less than 5 km/day were classified with advanced pathology as compared to none in mice that ran more than 5.0 km/day (p=0.05). These findings provide further evidence that exercise acts to decrease the progression of prostate cancer and they establish a transgenic animal model for future mechanistic studies.

Exercise training improves radiotherapy efficiency in a murine model of prostate cancer

“…While the majority of preclinical studies have found similar beneficial effects of regular physical activity and/or ET on tumor growth in several cancer types, 49 inconsistencies remain. In PCa more specifically, regular exercise was reported to slow tumor growth in five different studies, [21][22][23][24]26 this effect being borderline significant in one other study, 25 while it did not decrease tumor volume in three other ones. 27,29,50 McCullough et al even observed a faster tumor growth in immunodeficient rats after 5 weeks of treadmill running in comparison to their sedentary counterparts.…”

“…For example, Bonn et al found that walking or cycling a minimum of 20 minutes per day was associated with a 30% decrease in overall mortality rates . In vivo, six studies have reported that exercise could significantly or border‐line significantly decrease the prostate tumor growth, while three others however did not find any effect …”

“…[17][18][19][20] For example, Bonn et al found that walking or cycling a minimum of 20 minutes per day was associated with a 30% decrease in overall mortality rates. 20 In vivo, six studies have reported that exercise could significantly or border-line significantly decrease the prostate tumor growth, [21][22][23][24][25][26] while three others however did not find any effect. [27][28][29] Several biological mechanisms mediating the effects of exercise on tumor growth have been identified, and can be grouped into four main categories: (a) vascularization and blood perfusion, (b) immune function, (c) tumor metabolism, and (d) muscle-to-cancer cross-talk.…”

Modulating Tumour Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer Through Exercise: The Impact of Redox Signalling on Radiosensitivity

“…This important finding reflects the mounting observational evidence suggesting exercise training can reduce the rate of prostate tumour progression [33]. Greater insights can be gathered from preclinical trials [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Rundqvist and colleagues [40] harvested LNCaP cells with exercise serum (drawn after 60 min of incremental cycling exercise) and reported a growth inhibitory effect (31%), which persisted 96 h post-exercise.…”