Physical activity patterns determined by heart rate monitoring in 6???7 year-old children

Gilliam, Thomas B.; Freedson, Patty S.; Geenen, David L.; Shahraray, Behzad

doi:10.1249/00005768-198101000-00020

Cited by 90 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…This low level of physical activity energy expenditure is consistent with several studies showing that children only spend a small fraction of their active time in high intensity activities. 9,30 In Figure 3 Propagated error in TEE-REE as a function of the ratio of TEE : REE at 3 different levels of precision for TEE. TEE is total energy expenditure and REE is resting energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children

et al. 1997

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OBJECTIVE: To examine whether body fat content in pre-pubertal children is in¯uenced by physical activity related energy expenditure (AEE) and/or more qualitative aspects of physical activity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECT: 101 pre-pubertal children were examined in Study 1: (age: 5.3 AE 0.9 y; weight: 20.2 AE 3.6 kg). In Study 2: 68 of the original children were re-examined (age: 6.3 AE 0.9 y; weight: 23.6 AE 5.0 y). MEASUREMENT: Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were determined by bioelectrical resistance and skinfolds; AEE was estimated from the difference between total energy expenditure (TEE) by doubly labeled water and postprandial resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry; qualitative information on activity was derived by questionnaire. RESULTS: AEE was signi®cantly correlated with FFM (r 0.32 in both Studies) and body weight (r 0.28 in Study 1; r 0.29 in Study 2), but not FM. There were no signi®cant relationships between AEE and any of the variables from the activity questionnaire in children (including TV time, playing time, and an accumulated activity index in h/ week). After adjusting for FFM, age, and gender, FM was inversely related to activity time in h/week (partial r 70.24 in Study 1; partial r 70.32 in Study 2) but not AEE (P b 0.5). CONCLUSION: After adjusting for FFM, age, and gender, a small portion of the variance in body fat mass in children ( $ 10%) is explained by time devoted to recreational activity, whereas none of the variance is explained by the combined daily energy expenditure related to physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children

et al. 1997

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“…In contrast, when the threshold required for developing cardio-pulmonary fitness is adopted, children in a large number of studies were reported as having unacceptably low activity levels (Gilliam et al 1981;MacConnie et al 1982;Baranowski et al 1987;Gilbey & Gilbey, 1995;Armstrong, 1998). Those who have reviewed this issue also hold contrasting views.…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

How active are we? Levels of routine physical activity in children and adults

et al. 2003

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The accurate measurement of physical activity is fraught with problems in adults, but more especially in children because they have more complex and multi-dimensional activity patterns. In addition, the results of different studies are often difficult to interpret and compare, because of the diversity of methodological approaches, differences in data analysis and reporting, and the adoption of varying definitions of what constitutes an appropriate level of activity. Furthermore, inactivity is seldom quantified directly. Although there exists an extensive literature documenting the health benefits of regular physical activity in adults, activity-health relationships in children are not clear-cut. Current recommendations reinforce the concept of health-related activity, accumulating 30 min moderate-intensity exercise on at least 5 d/week (adults) and 1 h moderate-intensity exercise/d (children). Evidence suggests a high prevalence of inactivity in adults, but whether or not inactivity is increasing cannot be assessed currently. Similarly, no definite conclusions are justified about either the levels of physical activity of children, or whether these are sufficient to maintain and promote health. Data to support the belief that activity levels in childhood track into adulthood are weak. Inactivity is associated with an increased risk of weight gain and obesity, but causality remains to be established. In children there is strong evidence to demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the prevalence and incidence of obesity and time spent viewing television. Future research should focus on refining methodology for physical activity assessment to make it more sensitive to the different dimensions and contexts of activity in different age-groups.

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“…Thus there is a need for studies involving larger samples from different school settings. In addition, a number of the earlier studies used heart rate monitors with restricted electrodes or accelerometers (Faulkner et al, 1963;Gilliam, Freedson, Geenen, & Shahraray, 1981) that may not be as valid or reliable as monitors with chest electrodes (ACSM, 2000;Freedson, 1991).…”

Section: Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Physical Activity Patterns: Grade, Gender, and Activity Influences

Kulinna

Martin

Lai

et al. 2003

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

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The purpose of this study was to determine how physical education students’ cardiovascular responses as determined by mean heart rate, standard deviation of heart rate, and percentage of time in target heart rate zone varied according to student characteristics. Participants were 505 students in Grades 3 through 12. The Polar Accurex Plus heart rate telemetry system was used to measure the physiological load on the cardiovascular system. Three-way ANOVA results suggested that heart rate patterns in physical education varied according to gender, grade, and activity. For example, secondary school girls were more active in individual activities while secondary school boys were more active in team sport activities. Elementary students were the most active group and had the most variability in their heart rate patterns.

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Physical activity patterns determined by heart rate monitoring in 6???7 year-old children

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children

Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children

How active are we? Levels of routine physical activity in children and adults

Student Physical Activity Patterns: Grade, Gender, and Activity Influences

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