Physical Activity of 6-Year-Old Children: Validation of Two Proxy Reports

Μanios, Yannis; Kafatos, Anthony; Markakis, George

doi:10.1123/pes.10.2.176

Cited by 79 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On the other hand, parents' reports on children's physical activity suffer from similar impediments in that parents are not participant observers and they cannot reliably monitor their children's actual activity patterns in the playground. 17 To circumvent these problems, various authorities have suggested the use of physical ®tness rather than physical activity measures. 29 Nevertheless, the reliability and validity of the instrument used in the present study for physical activity estimation has been documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Nevertheless, the reliability and validity of the instrument used in the present study for physical activity estimation has been documented. 17 However, more objective assessment indices such as oxygen consumption, tape recordings of ECG, pedometric measures and recordings of motion are generally more reliable indicators of children's physical activity than diaries or questionnaires. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 A reason for this is that physical activity in childhood varies considerably within the day, and from one day to the next. 17,28 Consequently, physical activity assessments do not necessarily re¯ect longterm or`habitual' physical activity, hence, the absence of a relation with fatness. Some other dif®culty stems from the fact that, unlike adults, children are not as conscious of elapsed time and, as a result, the validity of self-report data is compromised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: a six year prospective study

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To report on the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and sum of skinfolds in a cohort of Cretan children and identify the factors associated with these indices. DESIGN: The present study was a follow-up study. Children were measured prospectively at ages 6, 9 and 12. SUBJECTS: Pupils came from 40 schools randomly selected from the 541 primary schools in three different provinces of Crete. 1046 pupils were examined at age 6. At age 9, a representative sample from the original cohort (n 579) was randomly selected for re-evaluation. At the age of 12, a sample of 831 pupils was re-examined, following similar procedures. MEASUREMENTS: Both during baseline and each subsequent follow-up, data were obtained on pupils' anthropometry, serum lipids, dietary intake, physical ®tness and physical activity as well as their dietary and their health knowledge. Data on parents' anthropometry, age, occupation, educational level, and issues relating to health habits, attitudes and knowledge were also collected. RESULTS: Half of the obese children at age 6 were also obese at age 12. Cretan children had higher mean BMI than similar American cohorts. Compared to their American counterparts, Cretans had higher proportions of overweight in both genders across all ages tested. The endurance run test (ERT), an index of physical ®tness, was positively associated with obesity indices. Sum of skinfolds related positively to serum LDL-C. Children from urban areas had higher skinfold sums than children from rural areas. Parental health-related hedonism related positively to children's BMI. CONCLUSION: It appears that these ®ndings offer some support to the reported increasing prevalence of obesity among Greek children. Higher ERT, presumably re¯ecting higher physical activity, is associated with lower obesity. The relationship between degree of fatness and LDL-C appears to be evidenced at an early age in life. This relationship may relate to the reported VLDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein elevations in obesity. The parental attitude of health-related hedonism appears to be linked with children's adiposity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: a six year prospective study

et al. 2000

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“…Further details regarding the reliability and validity of the questionnaire are provided elsewhere (16) . Respondents reported the time spent on various physical activities on two weekdays and one weekend day, most preferably Sunday.…”

Section: Physical Activity Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of lifestyle patterns associated with obesity and fat mass in children: the Healthy Growth Study

Moschonis

Kalliora

Costarelli

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate possible associations of lifestyle patterns with obesity and fat mass in children. Design: Cross-sectional epidemiological study. Principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns. Setting: Primary schools from four regions in Greece. Subjects: A total of 2073 schoolchildren (aged 9-13 years). Results: Children in the fourth quartile of the lifestyle pattern combining higher dairy foods with more adequate breakfast consumption were 39?4 %, 45?2 % and 32?2 % less likely to be overweight/obese and in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses and fat mass, respectively, than children in the first quartile of this pattern. Similarly, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern comprising consumption of high-fibre foods, such as fruits, vegetables and wholegrain products, were 27?4 % less likely to be in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses than children in the first lifestyle pattern quartile. Finally, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern characterized by more time spent on moderate-tovigorous physical activity and more frequent meals were 38?0 %, 26?3 % and 29?5 % less likely to be overweight, centrally obese and in the highest quartile of fat mass, respectively, than their peers in the first quartile of this lifestyle pattern (all P , 0?05). Conclusions: The current study identified three lifestyle patterns (i.e. one pattern comprising higher dairy consumption with a more adequate breakfast; a second pattern characterized by increased consumption of high-fibre foods; and a third pattern combining higher physical activity levels with more frequent meals), which were all related with lower odds of obesity and/or increased fat mass levels. From a public health perspective, promotion of these patterns among children and their families should be considered as one of the components of any childhood obesity preventive initiative.

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“…Children's physical activity during leisure time was assessed using a questionnaire based structured activity interview 8 .…”

Section: Dietary and Physical Activity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Nutrition Education in Elementary Schools: Changes in health knowledge, nutrient intakes and physical activity over a six year period

Μanios

Kafatos

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the effects of a health and nutrition intervention, implemented in primary schools of Crete, on health knowledge, nutrient intakes and physical activity of the intervention population. Methods: The intervention group consisted of 24 schools while the control group consisted of 16 schools. The overall duration of the intervention was six years, while the topics of the intervention primarily focused on children' dietary habits, physical activity and fitness. Results: After the completion of the intervention period, the changes observed in health knowledge, nutrient intakes and physical activity were in favour of the intervention group pupils. Conclusion:The encouraging findings of the study indicate the potential of the programme in health promotion and disease prevention without involving substantial new school resources and time.

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Physical Activity of 6-Year-Old Children: Validation of Two Proxy Reports

Cited by 79 publications

References 16 publications

Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: a six year prospective study

Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: a six year prospective study

Identification of lifestyle patterns associated with obesity and fat mass in children: the Healthy Growth Study

Health and Nutrition Education in Elementary Schools: Changes in health knowledge, nutrient intakes and physical activity over a six year period

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