Physical activity, motor performance and skill learning: a focus on primary motor cortex in healthy aging

Cirillo, John

doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06218-1

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…During the aging process, the capability of learning novel motor skills declines ( Voelcker-Rehage, 2008 ; Roig et al, 2014 ; VanSwearingen and Studenski, 2014 ; Cirillo, 2021 ). Additionally, motor performance becomes less reliable and a series of basic motor functions such as maximal strength and force steadiness but also performance of complex fine motor tasks decreases as a function of age ( Voelcker-Rehage, 2008 ; Hunter et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

tDCS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the trained hand enhances cross-limb transfer in older adults

Kaminski

Maudrich

Bassler

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Transferring a unimanual motor skill to the untrained hand, a phenomenon known as cross-limb transfer, was shown to deteriorate as a function of age. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) ipsilateral to the trained hand facilitated cross-limb transfer in older adults, little is known about the contribution of the contralateral hemisphere to cross-limb transfer. In the present study, we investigated whether tDCS facilitates cross-limb transfer in older adults when applied over the motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the trained hand. Furthermore, the study aimed at investigating short-term recovery of tDCS-associated cross-limb transfer. In a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled setting, 30 older adults (67.0 ± 4.6 years, 15 female) performed a short grooved-pegboard training using their left hand, while anodal (a-tDCS) or sham-tDCS (s-tDCS) was applied over right M1 for 20 min. Left (LHtrained) - and right-hand (RHuntrained) performance was tested before and after training and in three recovery measures 15, 30 and 45 min after training. LHtrained performance improved during both a-tDCS and s-tDCS and improvements persisted during recovery measures for at least 45 min. RHuntrained performance improved only following a-tDCS but not after s-tDCS and outlasted the stimulation period for at least 45 min. Together, these data indicate that tDCS over the M1 contralateral to the trained limb is capable of enhancing cross-limb transfer in older adults, thus showing that cross-limb transfer is mediated not only by increased bi-hemispheric activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

tDCS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the trained hand enhances cross-limb transfer in older adults

Kaminski

Maudrich

Bassler

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…We found that the brain regions exhibiting age-related differences in FRC are associated with movement, affective processing and somatosensory processing, whereas the brain regions exhibiting age-related differences in ORC are associated with movement. Previous research suggests deficits in motor performance for older adults [46, 47] such as difficulties in coordination [87], increased variability in movement [88] and slowing of movement [89]. Previous research also suggests that healthy aging is associated with changes in affective processing [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of region-level differences in curvatures with tDCS/tACS/TMS data The Neurosynth meta-analysis performed in this work revealed that brain regions with age-related FRC and ORC differences in somatomotor and dorsal attention networks are associated with movement. Movement is known to be impaired with age [46,47]. Subsequently, we performed a post-hoc analysis to determine the overlap between the set of brain regions with age-related FRC and ORC differences in somatomotor and dorsal attention networks, and the set of brain regions whose stimulation with non-invasive techniques, e.g.…”

Section: Correlation Between Curvatures and Affective Processing-rela...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrete Ricci curvatures capture age-related changes in human brain functional connectivity networks

Yadav

Elumalai

Williams

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Geometry-inspired notions of discrete Ricci curvature have been successfully used as markers of disrupted brain connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders, but their ability to characterize age-related changes in functional connectivity is unexplored. Here, we apply Forman-Ricci curvature and Ollivier-Ricci curvature to compare functional connectivity networks of healthy young and older subjects from the Max Planck Institute Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions (MPI-LEMON) dataset (N= 225). We found that both Forman-Ricci curvature and Ollivier-Ricci curvature can capture whole-brain and region-level age-related differences in functional connectivity. Meta-analysis decoding demonstrated that those brain regions with age-related curvature differences were associated with cognitive domains known to manifest age-related changes – movement, affective processing and somatosensory processing. Moreover, the curvature values of some brain regions showing age-related differences exhibited correlations with behavioral scores of affective processing. Finally, we found an overlap between brain regions showing age-related curvature differences and those brain regions whose non-invasive stimulation resulted in improved movement performance in older adults. These results suggest that both Forman-Ricci curvature and Ollivier-Ricci curvature correctly identify brain regions that are known to be functionally or clinically relevant. Our results add to a growing body of evidence demonstrating the sensitivity of discrete Ricci curvature measures to changes in the organisation of functional connectivity networks, both in health and disease.

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“…Boosting physical activeness can facilitate glucose control, metabolic response, cardiovascular function, and general physical health among older adults ( Ruegsegger and Booth, 2018 ). In addition, physical activity stimulates cerebral cortex activation, accelerates the release of key neurochemicals, and can reduce inflammatory response ( Cirillo, 2021 ). Importantly, the cerebral cortex is involved in high-level brain processes including language, sensory, memory, and reasoning ( Hu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the parallel mediation influence of body mass index and depression on physical activity and cognitive function among 3,611 Chinese older adults

Liu

Qiang

Dang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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BackgroundEngagement in physically active lifestyles brings multidimensional health benefits including better cognitive function. While prior studies examined the link between physical activity and cognitive function, a remaining unanswered question is what modifiable factors channel such effects.ObjectiveThis study investigates the extent to which subject’s body mass index (BMI) and depression mediate the link between physical activity and cognitive function among older adults in China.MethodsThis study builds a parallel structural equation model utilizing the 2013–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) dataset. We screened a total of 14,724 subjects, among which 3,611 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Physical activity, depression, and cognitive function are measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale (CES-D), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) instruments.ResultsParallel mediation analyses indicate that depression significantly mediates the link between physical activity and cognitive function (std. β = 0.023, p-value = 0.010), while no significant mediation was observed via BMI (std. β = 0.005, p-value = 0.155). Findings also show that physical activity is positively associated with cognitive function (std. β = 0.104, p-value = 0.004), whereas physical activity is inversely associated with BMI (std. β = –0.072, p-value = 0.045). Both BMI (std. β = –0.071, p-value = 0.042) and depression (std. β = –0.199, p-value = 0.001) are negatively associated with cognitive function.ConclusionThis study quantifies the positive association between physical activity and cognitive function in older Chinese adults, and uncovers a significant mediation channel occurring through depression. From a clinical perspective, physical behavioral modifications can lead to linked improvements in both mental and cognitive wellbeing for older adults.

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Physical activity, motor performance and skill learning: a focus on primary motor cortex in healthy aging

Cited by 7 publications

References 99 publications

tDCS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the trained hand enhances cross-limb transfer in older adults

tDCS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the trained hand enhances cross-limb transfer in older adults

Discrete Ricci curvatures capture age-related changes in human brain functional connectivity networks

Quantifying the parallel mediation influence of body mass index and depression on physical activity and cognitive function among 3,611 Chinese older adults

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