Physical activity lowers the risk for acute respiratory infections: Time for recognition

Nieman, David C.; Sakaguchi, Camila A.

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.08.002

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…The Figure compares the effects of COVID-19 versus the "opposing" effects of exercise to this virus. The evidence presented in this review adds to the Nieman et al (65) viewpoint, that it is time to include "treatment for and reduced risk of COVID-19 and long COVID" to the "Exercise is Medicine list of physical activity-related health benefits." The potent, multi-organ effects of exerkines position exercise as the most important medicine for COVID-19 and long COVID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exercise is the Most Important Medicine for COVID-19

Torres,

Constantinou,

Gradidge

et al. 2023

Curr Sports Med Rep

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COVID-19 infection and long COVID affect multiple organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, digestive, neuroendocrine, musculoskeletal systems, and sensory organs. Exerkines, released during exercise, have a potent crosstalk effect between multiple body systems. This review describes the evidence of how exerkines can mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in each organ system that the virus affects. The evidence presented in the review suggests that exercise should be considered a first-line strategy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection and long COVID disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exercise is the Most Important Medicine for COVID-19

Torres,

Constantinou,

Gradidge

et al. 2023

Curr Sports Med Rep

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“…This can be attributed to exercise-induced immuneprotective effects, which reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections and prevent long-term diseases like diabetes and joint diseases by increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density. 21,[23][24][25] These findings may also apply to individuals with disabilities who have limitations in physical exercise, resulting in reduced health care utilization and expenditure related to these conditions. 26 Overall, our study highlights the potential benefits of physical exercise in reducing disease occurrence, medical utilization, and associated costs for individuals with disabilities in the ROK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Physical Activity and Health Care Risk Management in Individuals With Disabilities

Park,

Yim,

Lim

et al. 2023

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Despite the increasing economic burden of people with disabilities (PWDs) over time, the impact of physical activity on PWDs in the Republic of Korea (ROK) remains relatively unexplored. Thus, we examined the association between physical activity and disease risk, health care utilization, and expenditures for PWDs in the ROK. We considered gender differences across eight diseases using the National Health Insurance (NHI) panel data from 2013 to 2019. The sample consisted of PWDs who underwent regular medical check-ups and were aged 40 years and above, aligning with the NHI’s health screening program targeting beneficiaries in this age range. The final sample included 281 142 healthy PWDs. Among them, 44.1% (n = 124 061) engaged in physical activity, while the remaining 45.9% (n = 157 081) did not participate in any physical activity. The results show a negative association between physical activity and the incidence of various diseases among both genders. Health care utilization exhibited gender and disease-based variations, with men and women demonstrating higher utilization rates in the absence of physical activity. Health care expenditures also differed based on gender and disease, as men and women displayed higher costs in the absence of physical activity. Consequently, public policymakers should establish tailored activity programs for PWDs, adhering to activity guidelines designed for this population.

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“…Lower levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness also emerged as a risk factor for infection severity, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and risk of premature death (Christensen et al, 2021;Sallis et al, 2021;Jimeno-Almazán et al, 2022;Nieman and Sakaguchi, 2022). A possible mechanism for this benefit of physical activity relates to the anti-inflammatory role of physical activity and exercise (Zbinden-Foncea et al, 2020;De Sousa et al, 2021).…”

Section: Physical Activity and Covid-19-associated Psychological Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress induced proinflammatory adaptations: Plausible mechanisms for the link between stress and cardiovascular disease

Slusher

Acevedo

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Initiating from Hans Selye’s conceptualization of stress physiology, to our present understanding of allostatic load as the cumulative burden of chronic psychological stress and life events, investigators have sought to identify the physiological mechanisms that link stress to health and disease. Of particular interest has been the link between psychological stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the number one cause of death in the United States. In this regard, attention has been directed toward alterations in the immune system in response to stress that lead to increased levels of systemic inflammation as a potential pathway by which stress contributes to the development of CVD. More specifically, psychological stress is an independent risk factor for CVD, and as such, mechanisms that explain the connection of stress hormones to systemic inflammation have been examined to gain a greater understanding of the etiology of CVD. Research on proinflammatory cellular mechanisms that are activated in response to psychological stress demonstrates that the ensuing low-grade inflammation mediates pathways that contribute to the development of CVD. Interestingly, physical activity, along with its direct benefits to cardiovascular health, has been shown to buffer against the harmful consequences of psychological stress by “toughening” the SAM system, HPA axis, and immune system as “cross-stressor adaptations” that maintain allostasis and prevent allostatic load. Thus, physical activity training reduces psychological stress induced proinflammation and attenuates the activation of mechanisms associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Finally, COVID-19 associated psychological stress and its associated health risks has provided another model for examining the stress-health relationship.

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Physical activity lowers the risk for acute respiratory infections: Time for recognition

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Exercise is the Most Important Medicine for COVID-19

Exercise is the Most Important Medicine for COVID-19

The Association Between Physical Activity and Health Care Risk Management in Individuals With Disabilities

Stress induced proinflammatory adaptations: Plausible mechanisms for the link between stress and cardiovascular disease

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