Physical Activity in Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased Flow-mediated Dilation

Reyes, Laura M.; Farooq, Sauleha; Skow, Rachel J.; Busch, Stephen A.; Pyke, Kyra E.; Khurana, Rshmi; Chari, Radha; Stickland, Michael K.; Devolin, Maureen; Davidge, Sandra T.; Sobierajski, Frances; Lugg, Anna; Steinback, Craig D.; Davenport, Margie H.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002201

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“… 56 Reyes et al also found a higher FMD response in active versus inactive pregnant women, defined by time in MVPA. 57 Suboc et al found a similar correlation in participants with ≥20 min/day of MPA in bouts, which was not statistically significant, perhaps due to underpowering of the study ( n =96). 46 Suboc et al also found that MPA in bouts, rather than overall time in MPA, was associated with change in FMD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Of studies assessing change in FMD, Kohlbrenner et al found an inverse relationship between daily PA and FMD in a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 56. Reyes et al also found a higher FMD response in active versus inactive pregnant women, defined by time in MVPA 57. Suboc et al found a similar correlation in participants with ≥20 min/day of MPA in bouts, which was not statistically significant, perhaps due to underpowering of the study ( n =96) 46.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between objectively measured physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Narendrula,

Brinza,

Horvat Davey

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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IntroductionThe association of physical activity (PA) with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. Clarifying this relationship may inform cardiovascular prevention strategies.MethodsWe performed a systematic review (CRD42021226089) using Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane (1 January 2000 to 1 September 2023). Studies published with adult populations exploring the relationship between objectively measured PA and subclinical CVD were included. Subclinical CVD was assessed using: ankle-brachial index (ABI); arterial stiffness; carotid artery disease; coronary artery atherosclerosis; endothelial function; and measures of cardiac structure and function. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used for quality review.ResultsOf 68 included studies, most supported an inverse relationship between PA and subclinical CVD. Arterial stiffness was the most common outcome (n=40), and 33 studies suggested that less sedentary behaviour (SB), increased PA and/or higher intensity PA was associated with less arterial stiffness. Ten studies of carotid artery disease (totaln=18), six of endothelial function (n=10), two of coronary artery disease (n=3) and all of ABI (n=6) suggested that PA or less SB is associated with less subclinical disease. Five studies assessing cardiac structure/function (n=6) suggested alterations in structure/function with PA.ConclusionsPA reduces the risk of CVD events, and this systematic review demonstrates that some of the benefits may be mediated by an inverse association between PA and subclinical CVD. Interventions to increase PA are important for CVD prevention, so we provide a comprehensive overview of which surrogate outcome measures may be most useful to assess future CVD prevention interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021226089.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between objectively measured physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Narendrula,

Brinza,

Horvat Davey

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…The influence of PA on AL is based on its influence on the biological indicators of each system (Copeland et al., 2021). Studies have shown that exercise leads to positive cardiovascular adaptation (Reyes et al., 2020), and a moderate walking program can confer cardiovascular benefits (Mottola & Artal, 2016). Exercise also has a powerful effect on maternal metabolism by limiting excessive weight gain and improving insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between physical activity and allostatic load among pregnant women

Bu,

Yuan,

Wang

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychobiology

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Allostatic load (AL) in pregnant women is associated with maternal and infant health outcomes. Whether physical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor associated with AL during pregnancy is unknown. In this cross‐sectional study, including 725 pregnant women in 3 different trimesters, 8 biomarkers were included, and the high‐risk quartile approach based on sample distribution was used to construct AL index (ALI). ALI <2 was defined as a low level and ≥2 as a high level. Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test and chi‐squared test or Fisher exact test were used to compare differences in AL with different demographic characteristics among pregnant women. The relationship between PA and AL in pregnant women was analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. The results show that the detection rate of high‐risk AL during pregnancy was 47.3%. In the adjusted model, sufficient PA was related to a lower AL than insufficient PA (OR = .693, 95%CI:.494,.971; p = .033). Compared with low‐ and high‐intensity PAs, moderate‐intensity PA was associated with lower AL (OR = .645, 95%CI:.447,.930; p = .019). The results suggest that PA is a modifiable factor related to AL, and intervention is recommended to be carried out in the first trimester to prevent the increased likelihood of high AL as pregnancy progresses. In addition, health care personnel should encourage pregnant women to participate in PA, especially moderate‐intensity PA, in order to obtain lower AL and promote maternal and child health.

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“…Data from our nonburst sequences would suggest that basal vasodilatory status is not altered by prenatal physical activity; however, the ability to dilate in response to increases in shear stress may be enhanced with aerobic exercise (57). Prenatal physical activity in the third trimester is associated with increases in normalized flow-mediated dilation (58), and one randomized controlled trial showed that aerobic exercise intervention may increase flow-mediated dilation in pregnancy (27). Furthermore, normal pregnancy is associated with a curvilinear change in arterial stiffness that mirrors SVR and blood pressure (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve (Re)Activity

Skow

Fraser

Steinback

et al. 2020

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: Women who develop gestational hypertension have evidence of elevated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in early pregnancy, which continues to rise after diagnosis. Exercise has been shown to play a preventative role in the development of gestational hypertension and has been shown to reduce resting and reflex MSNA in nonpregnant populations. We sought to investigate whether aerobic exercise affected the sympathetic regulation of blood pressure between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of structured aerobic exercise (n = 31) compared with no intervention (control, n = 28) beginning at 16-20 wk and continuing until 34-36 wk of gestation (NCT02948439). Women in the exercise group were prescribed aerobic activity at 50%-70% of their heart rate reserve, on 3-4 d•wk −1 for 25-40 min with a 5-min warm-up and 5-min cool-down (i.e., up to 160 min total activity per week). At preintervention and postintervention assessments, data from ~10 min of quiet rest and a 3-min cold pressor test were analyzed to determine sympathetic nervous system activity and reactivity. Results: MSNA was obtained in 51% of assessments. Resting MSNA burst frequency and burst incidence increased across gestation (main effect of gestational age, P = 0.002). Neurovascular transduction was blunted in the control group (P = 0.024) but not in exercisers (P = 0.873) at the postintervention time point. Lastly, MSNA reactivity during the cold pressor test was not affected by gestational age or exercise (P = 0.790, interaction). Conclusions: These data show that exercise attenuates both the rise in MSNA and the blunting of neurovascular transduction. This may partially explain the lower risk of developing gestational hypertension in women who are active during their pregnancies.

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Physical Activity in Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased Flow-mediated Dilation

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Relationship between objectively measured physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Relationship between objectively measured physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Association between physical activity and allostatic load among pregnant women

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve (Re)Activity

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