Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health

Whooten, Rachel C.; Kerem, Liya; Stanley, Takara L.

doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000455

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…However, there is a significant decline in physical activity (PA) during adolescence [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. A great majority of adolescents do not meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) [ 6 ] despite well-documented positive impact on skeletal [ 7 , 8 ], metabolic [ 9 , 10 ], cardiovascular [ 11 ], and psychosocial [ 12 ] health. In addition, physical fitness (PF) levels appears to be declining in this population [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls

et al. 2021

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Regular exercise during school hours is encouraged since childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Moreover, a great majority of adolescents do not meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The present study aimed to determine the effects of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition intervention on body composition and physical fitness in overweight adolescent girls. Forty-eight girls were included in the study, of whom 24 (age = 15.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomized to a experimental group (EXP) (HIIT and nutrition intervention school-based program) and 24 (age = 15.7 ± 0.6 years) to a control group (CON) that maintained their usual physical education activities. HIIT consisted of 10 stations of own bodyweight exercise and was done three times per week for eight weeks. Moreover, the EXP participated in the nutrition program led by a nutritionist two times a week. Apart from body composition assessment, participants performed countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, hand-grip test, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). A significant effect of group (EXP vs. CON) x time (pre vs. post) interaction was observed for weight [F(1,44) = 7.733; p = 0.008], body mass index [F(1,44) = 5.764; p = 0.020], body fat (in kg) [F(1,44) = 17.850; p < 0.001], and body fat (in %) [F(1,44) = 18.821; p < 0.001]. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed for the medicine ball throw [F(1,44) = 27.016; p < 0.001] and YYIRT1 [F(1,44) = 5.439; p = 0.024]. A significant main effect for time was found for hand grip [F(1,44) = 9.300; p = 0.004] and CMJ [F(1,44) = 12.866; p = 0.001].The present study has demonstrated that just eight weeks school-based HIIT and nutrition intervention, including three sessions a week, can improve body composition and muscular and physical aerobic performance in overweighted adolescent girls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls

et al. 2021

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“…The association between physical inactivity and increased risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents 4 has multiple potential consequences 37 that persist into adulthood. In addition, psychosocial restrictions such as impaired quality of life, self-esteem and school performance are to be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol of a population-based cohort investigating Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth: the PASOS study

et al. 2020

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IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) is essential to healthy mental and physical development in early life. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity, which is considered a key modifiable driver of childhood obesity, has reached alarming levels among European youth. There is a need to update the data for Spain, in order to establish if current measures are effective or new approaches are needed.Methods and analysisWe present the protocol for Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS). This observational, nationally representative, multicentre study aims to determine the PA levels, sedentary behaviours and prevalence of physical inactivity (defined as <60 min of moderate to vigorous PA per day) in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. The PASOS study has recruited a representative random sample of children and adolescents aged 8–16 years from 242 educational centres in the 17 ‘autonomous regions’ into which Spain is divided. The aim is to include a total of 4508 youth participants and their families. Weight, height and waist circumference will be measured by standardised procedures. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, quality of life, sleep duration, PA and sedentary behaviour are being measured by validated questionnaires. PA is measured by the Physical Activity Unit 7-item Screener. A representative subsample (10% of participants) was randomly selected to wear accelerometers for 9 days to obtain objective data on PA. Parents are asked about their educational level, time spent doing PA, diet quality, self-perceived stress, smoking habit, weight, height, their child’s birth weight and if the child was breast fed.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. Main findings of the study will be disseminated to the scientific community and to general public by media conferences, social media and a website.Trial registration numberISRCTN34251612.

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“…Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors are significant contributors to the development of pediatric obesity (14,23,24). Physical activity and exercise have been suggested as powerful treatments to help prevent obesity as well as improve obesity-related risk factors in children and adolescents (25)(26)(27). For every one hour of moderate-to-vigorous activity there is a 10% decrease in the risk of developing obesity (14).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combating obesity early in childhood is critical as even mild reductions in body mass before the onset of puberty has been shown to decrease the risk of CVD and other obesity-related risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2D, and coronary heart disease later in life if normal bodyweight is maintained [22][23][24][25]. If pediatric obesity cannot be treated appropriately, obese children and adolescents will be at an increased risk of premature death [26] and a significantly increased risk for CVD and CVD-related mortality in adulthood [27].…”

Section: Health Risks Associated With Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of exercise on pediatric obesity

Headid

Park

2021

Clin Exp Pediatr

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Over the last few decades the rates of pediatric obesity have more than doubled regardless of sociodemographic categorization, and despite these rates plateauing in recent years there continues to be an increase in the severity of obesity in children and adolescents. This review will discuss the pediatric obesity mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as attenuated levels of satiety and energy metabolism hormones, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Additionally, early intervention to combat pediatric obesity is critical as obesity has been suggested to track into adulthood, and these obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of early mortality. Current suggested strategies to combat pediatric obesity are modifying diet, limiting sedentary behavior, and increasing physical activity. The effects of exercise intervention on metabolic hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and body fat in obese children and adolescents will be discussed along with the exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Specifically, this review will focus on the differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise on the cardiovascular risks in pediatric obesity. This review outlines the evidence that exercise intervention is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk factors for CVD and the ideal exercise prescription to combat pediatric obesity should contain both muscle strengthening and aerobic components with an emphasis on fat mass reduction and long-term adherence.

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Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls

Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls

Study protocol of a population-based cohort investigating Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth: the PASOS study

The impacts of exercise on pediatric obesity

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