Physical Activity, Dietary Habits and Factors Associated with Depression Among Medical Students of Sindh, Pakistan, During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Riaz, Hina; Bhatti, Urooj; Shahani, Kamran Ali; Ali, Faiza Kamran; Effendi, Sadia; Rani, Keenjhar; Chohan, Muhammad Nadeem

doi:10.2147/prbm.s364540

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, existing literature on the association between BMI and depression mostly considers their linear relationship. For example, some studies use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the linear association between BMI and depression, 8 , 82 , 83 detecting the bidirectional effects between the two factors. 84 Moreover, descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests are used to demonstrate the strong association between high BMI and depressive symptoms, as well as the gender differences therein, 7 which may be attributed to shared risk factors like reduced physical activity.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population

Li¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

PRBM

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Purpose Existing studies on the association between BMI and depression report conflicting results with some demonstrating a positive relationship, while others a negative link or insignificant correlation. Very limited research on the nonlinear relationship between BMI and depression has yet to clarify the reliability and robustness of the potential nonlinearity and whether a more complex association exists. This paper aims to systematically investigate the nonlinear relationship between the two factors applying rigorous statistical methods, as well as explore the heterogeneity of their association. Materials and Methods A large-scale nationally representative dataset, Chinese General Social Survey, is used to empirically analyze the nonlinear relationship between BMI and perceived depression. Various statistical tests are employed to check the robustness of the nonlinearity. Results Results indicate that there is a U-shaped relationship between BMI and perceived depression, with the turning point (25.718) very close to while slightly larger than the upper limit of the range of healthy weight (18.500 ≤ BMI < 25.000) defined by World Health Organization. Both very high and low BMIs are associated with increased risk for depressive disorders. Furthermore, perceived depression is higher at almost all BMI levels among individuals who are older, female, lower educated, unmarried, in rural areas, belonging to ethnic minorities, non-Communist Party of China members, as well as those with lower income and uncovered by social security. In addition, these subgroups have smaller inflection points and their self-rated depression is more sensitive to BMI. Conclusion This paper confirms a significant U-shaped trend in the association between BMI and depression. Therefore, it is important to account for the variations in this relationship across different BMI categories when using BMI to predict depression risk. Besides, this study clarifies the management goals for achieving an appropriate BMI from a mental health perspective and identifies vulnerable subgroups at higher risk of depression.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population

Li¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

PRBM

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“…Different results were shown by research conducted on medical students in Pakistan, with the results indicating a decrease in stress for students who did sports, while students who did not do sports experienced twice as much stress as those who did. This study states that sports help improve students' ability to deal with stress and emotional trauma during the learning period 8 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between Sport and Stress in Medical Faculty Student Students Malang Muhammadiyah University

Indrawanto,

Putrinahrisyah,

Cakrawati

2024

Herb-Medicine Journal

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Medical students are prone to experiencing stress during the lecture period due to the demands of the learning process. Women experience stress more easily than men due to a higher body response to stress. Exercise is known to help reduce stress because it stimulates the release of endorphins in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between sports activity and stress in female students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The research was conducted in January 2021 with a sample of 127 people and was taken using the technique of purposive sampling, that is, female students who are sampled must comply with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected using a questionnaire (Godin-Shepard). Leisure Time Physical Activity and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (THAT)-21 The results of data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test show a value of p = 0.614 (p > 0.05), which indicates that there is no relationship between sports activity and stress levels in female students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

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“…Likewise, the DAG in the current study revealed direct associations of limitations in physical activities due to health problems with limitations in usual role activities due to physical health problems and/or bodily pain, monthly household income, and vitality. The prevalence of chronic disease is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms 93 . Physical symptoms such as pain, dyspnea, gait and balance problems, and frailty, in addition to low ability to accept illness and long illness duration, may contribute to reduced physical activity, impaired activities of daily living, limited role functioning in occupational and social settings, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and lower life satisfaction 94 – 99 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach

Yun

2023

Sci Rep

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The association between health-related role limitations in the mental and physical subdomains and clinical status (i.e., chronic disease and comorbid depressive symptoms) is mediated by health-promoting behaviors. To enhance health-promoting behaviors in adults with chronic disease, it is necessary to identify item-level associations among targets of health-related monitoring and management. Therefore, the current study used a network approach to examine associations among health-related role limitations, depressive symptoms, existential well-being, socioeconomic position, and health-promoting behavior in adults with chronic disease. A total of 535 adults (mean ± SD age = 62.9 ± 11.9 years; males, n = 231, females, n = 304) who were regularly visiting an outpatient clinic for chronic disease treatment participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on participant demographics, chronic disease diagnoses, socioeconomic status, health-related role limitations (12-item short form survey scores), depressive symptoms (patient health questionnaire-9 scores), existential well-being (scores for four items of the McGill quality of life questionnaire-Revised), and health-promoting behavior (Healthy Habits Questionnaire scores) were acquired. “Undirected regularized partial correlations” and “directional joint probability distributions” among these variables were calculated using a mixed graphical model (MGM) and directed acyclic graph (DAG). In the MGM, the most influential nodes were emotional well-being, feelings of failure, and health-related limitations affecting usual role and physical activities. According to both the MGM and DAG, the relationship between emotional well-being and feelings of failure mediated the relationships of health-related role limitations with concentration difficulty and suicidal ideation. A positive mindset was dependent on the probability distributions of suicidal ideation, controllability of life, and positive self-image. Both the meaning of life and a positive mindset had direct associations with proactive living. Specifically, proactive living was associated with a balanced diet, regular exercise, volunteering in the community, and nurturing intimacy in social interactions. The meaning and controllability of life in individuals with chronic diseases could mediate the relationships of health-promoting behavior with health-related limitations related to usual role activities, physical activities, and depressive symptoms. Thus, interventions targeting health-promoting behaviors should aim to enhance the meaning and controllability of life (as it pertains to limitations in usual role and physical activities), as well as promote proactive screening and timely psychiatric treatment of depressive symptoms including feelings of failure, concentration difficulties, and suicidal ideation.

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Physical Activity, Dietary Habits and Factors Associated with Depression Among Medical Students of Sindh, Pakistan, During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population

The Relationship between Sport and Stress in Medical Faculty Student Students Malang Muhammadiyah University

Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach

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