Physical activity and the brain: A review of this dynamic, bi-directional relationship

Free-Living Physical Activity, Executive Function, and Kidney Disease

“…To date, research has yet to examine the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance within this special population. Therefore, our findings are not only novel but also underscore important conclusions drawn from a growing body of literature commending the preventative, attenuating, and sometimes reversing effects of exercise on the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and physiological deterioration [15][16][17]29,36].…”

“…The biological mechanisms underlying renal disease are consistent with those evident in diabetes and hypertension, such as neuronal damage, oxidative stress, thrombosis, vascular lesions, and atherosclerosis [2,4,12,13]. Physical activity has been shown to elicit metabolic and affectual improvements on the aforementioned physiological and psychological determinants of chronic disease, as well as improving the functional and social quality of life [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Specifically, physical activity is effective in weight management through stimulation of lipolysis, improving glucose metabolism, modulation of lowdensity lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, regulation of endothelial function, as well as the prevention of more severe signs of renal failure, including glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal disease [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Physical Activity Education's Contributions to Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies: Documenting More than Individual Health Benefits

“…One area that has seen progress is the association of cognitive benefits to physical activity participation (Loprinzi, Herod, Cardinal, & Noakes, 2013). That is, physical activity is good for the brain and enhances learning, and it might amplify learning in other subjects such as mathematics and reading.…”

Brief Walking Test and Cognitive Function among Congestive Heart Failure Patients: Effect Modification by Duration of Congestive Heart Failure

“…4,8 Thus, not only may the results of a 6MWT provide valuable information about cardiopulmonary functioning among heart failure patients, it may also help to provide useful information with regard to cognitive function, which ultimately may influence engagement in physical activity behavior. 9 Using a population-based sample, the purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the potential relationship between the results of a short walking test and cognitive function among older adults with congestive heart failure. Particular focus is on the utilization of a 20 foot walking test, as opposed to a 6MWT, which arguably may have greater feasibility of testing and implementation into cardiac rehabilitation due to its short testing protocol (e.g., may require less than 30 seconds of testing, as opposed to 6 minutes).…”