Physical Activity and Stool Metabolite Relationships Among Adults at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Background: Adenomatous polyps are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Physical activity (PA) and spending less time sedentary may reduce risk of polyp recurrence and cancer incidence. This study examined associations between PA, sedentary time, and stool metabolites in adults at high risk for developing colorectal cancer. Methods: Participants were ≥18 years old with ≥1 adenomatous polyps removed in the previous 3 years. PA and sedentary time were assessed using an activPAL™ accelerometer. Stool samples were analyzed for short-chain fatty acids, and primary/secondary bile acid metabolites by mass spectrometry. Linear regression models examined associations between PA, sedentary time, and stool parameters, with dietary fiber as a covariate. Results: Participants (N = 21) were 59 (9) years old and had a body mass index of 28.1 (3.35 kg/m2). Light-intensity PA was associated with butyrate (β = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.477 to 3.291) and propionate (β = 1.79; 95% CI, 0.862 to 2.724). Moderate to vigorous PA was associated with deoxycholic acid (β = −6.13; 95% CI, −12.14 to −0.11) and ursodeoxycholic acid (β = −0.45; 95% CI, −0.80 to −0.12) abundance. Conclusions: Both light and moderate to vigorous PA were associated with gut microbial metabolite production. These findings suggest the importance of examining PA intensity alongside stool metabolites for colorectal cancer prevention.

Plasma, urine, and stool metabolites in response to dietary rice bran and navy bean supplementation in adults at high-risk for colorectal cancer

“…Our previous analyses suggest that although activity levels remained unchanged after physical activity education and the combined rice bran + navy bean dietary intervention, stool BAs and SCFAs were cross-sectionally associated with physical activity within this cohort independent of fiber intake ( 47 , 49 ). To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of changes in BAs and SCFAs after a combined rice bran + navy bean intervention.…”

“…Stool metabolite extraction and targeted BA and SCFA quantification was performed at the Colorado State University Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics facility. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed for five primary BAs (cholic, taurocholic, glycocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and glycochenodeoxycholic acids) and 12 secondary BAs (deoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, lithocholic, n u t r i ac h ol i c , 7 al p h a -H y d r o xy -3 -o xo -5 b e t a c ho l a n o i c , hyodeoxycholic, 3-oxocholic, 3alpha,6beta,7beta-Trihydroxy-5bcholanoic, glycodeoxycholic, taurodeoxycholic, 3beta-hydroxy-5cholenoic, and sulfolithocholic acids), following published methods and described below (49). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed for assessment of six SCFAs (butyric, propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric, valeric, and acetic acids), following published methods described below and are listed in Supplementary Table 1 (49).…”

Exercise Affects Mucosa-Associated Microbiota and Colonic Tumor Formation Induced by Azoxymethane in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice

“…Also, exercise increased n-butyrate concentrations in the rat cecum [23,[37][38][39]. In human studies, exercise increased fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate in lean individuals but not in obese ones [24,40]. Thus, exercise-induced short-chain fatty acid concentrations are altered by diet and body size.…”

Diet and physical activity influence the composition of gut microbiota, benefit on Alzheimer’s disease

“…Moderate and intense exercise change the composition of gut microbiota and may increase the bacteria diversity [90,149], but no in-depth research has been done on the effect of exercise intensity on gut microbiota. Beale et al found that light intensity exercise correlated with some SCFAs, whereas moderate to vigorous exercise correlated with some BAs [150].…”