Physical Activity and Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Assessment, Prevalence and Mechanism

Abstract

Sarcopenic obesity is the coexistance of sarcopenia and obesity. Modern sarcopenia definition includes low muscle mass, weak muscle strength (handgrip strength) and poor physical function (slow walking), although the clinical definition of each varies worldwide. The cut-points for low muscle mass for men and women using appendicular lean mass divided by height (kg/m2) are ≤7.0 and ≤5.4 in Asians, and ≤7.23 and ≤5.67 in Caucasians, respectively. The cut-points for weak handgrip strength (kg) for men and women are <26 and <18 in Asians, and <30 and <20 in Caucasians, respectively. The cut-point for slow walking is ≤0.8 m/s in men and women. Current data suggest the potential benefits of physical activity and fitness on sarcopenic obesity in older adults.

Relationship between sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome among Japanese elderly who underwent a comprehensive health checkup

“…According to a recent review article 24) , the prevalence of SO in older adults ranges from 0% to 25%. This disparity might be due to differences in the study populations, including race and age distributions, in addition to the different definitions.…”

Is sarcopenia a prognostic factor after living donor liver transplantation?

“…dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are sometimes employed to define a low SMM for a sarcopenia diagnosis (8). Although DXA may be the most widely used method for the SMM assessment in many sarcopenia studies, a BIA is suitable, based on its portability, reasonable cost, fast processing, noninvasiveness, radiation-free function, and convenience (8). Based on these reasons, the authors employed CT and BIA to estimate the SMM of debilitated ELD patients.…”

“…Unfortunately, it may be insufficient to define sarcopenia based on the SMM. Therefore, most investigators usually estimate the muscle strength; for instance, the GS has been widely used because it is inexpensive, easy to use, and is well correlated with most relevant health outcomes (8). However, the leg strength is more closely related to physical functions, like standing and walking.…”

“…In this study, pretransplant sarcopenia negatively affected the short-term outcomes, including the one-year overall survival. It is believed that sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in ELD patients; however, it has also been reported that preoperative sarcopenia does not increase mortality after an LDLT (8). In some cases, it resolves after an LDLT; therefore, the way in which it impacts post-LDLT patients is now under debate, requiring further investigation.…”

Welcome to Volume 3 of Future Science OA

“…[7] – Altmetric score 99;‘The effect of frailty should be considered in the management plan of older people with Type 2 diabetes’ (Abdelhafiz, Koay and Sinclair) [8] – Altmetric score 62;‘Folic acid supplementation: what is new? Fetal, obstetric, long-term benefits and risks’ (Moussa  et al. )…”