Physical activity and nutrition interventions for older adults with cancer: a systematic review

Forbes, Cynthia C.; Swan, Flavia; Greenley, Sarah; Lind, Michael; Johnson, Miriam J.

doi:10.1007/s11764-020-00883-x

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(346 reference statements)

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“…Current PA studies target predominantly older breast and prostate cancer survivors, which limits the reproducibility of the evidence in other types of cancer such as haematological malignancies. 15 24 44 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OCAPI trial was based on strategies, mainly derived from behavioural change theories, 45 such as providing social support from the certified exercise instructor, that were found to be effective to improved PA in older adults with or without cancer. 15 24 25 44 46 47 These strategies will be evaluated by patients from the OCAPI study, at the end of the intervention with a semi-structured questionnaire, to select the most relevant ones for future implementation on a larger scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 In the context of cancer, a recent systematic review on the effectiveness of PA interventions on QoL in patients over 60 years with cancer reported that PA interventions, which were tailored to the individual capacity and preferences, as well as supervised by qualified professionals, improved the QoL. 15 Studies including phone follow-ups by professionals also found positive results. Yet, none of the 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included patients with haematological malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individualised physical activity programme in patients over 65 years with haematological malignancies (OCAPI): protocol for a single-arm feasibility trial

et al. 2021

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IntroductionOlder adults with cancer suffer from the combined effects of ageing, cancer disease and treatment side effects. The main treatment for patients with haematological malignancies is chemotherapy, associated with significant toxicities. Chemotherapy can alter patients’ physical function and quality of life which are often already diminished in older patients due to ageing and comorbidities. It therefore seems essential to develop and to evaluate interventions capable of preventing physical and psychosocial decline and its consequences. Promoting physical activity is a promising approach to improve physical function and quality of life in older adults with cancer, but there are limited data on the feasibility of such interventions among older patients with haematological malignancies, concomitant to chemotherapy.Methods and analysisOCAPI (OnCogeriatric and Individualized Physical Activity) is a single-arm, interdisciplinary, prospective, interventional, feasibility study. It is intended to include 40 patients (20 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and 20 patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) over 65 years in an individualised 6-month physical activity programme. The programme consists of individually supervised exercise sessions with an increasing volume of physical activity either at home and/or in a laminar airflow room (depending on the disease and treatment regimen) followed by unsupervised sessions and phone follow-ups. Patients will receive an activity tracker during the 6 months of the programme. Evaluations will take place at inclusion and at 3, 6 and 12 months to assess the feasibility of the programme and to explore potential changes in physical, psychosocial and clinical outcomes. The results will generate preliminary data to implement a larger randomised controlled trial.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the French ethics committee (Comité de protection des personnes Est I, N°ID-RCB 2019-A01231-56, 12 July 2019). All participants will have to sign and date an informed consent form. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04052126.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individualised physical activity programme in patients over 65 years with haematological malignancies (OCAPI): protocol for a single-arm feasibility trial

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, bioactive compounds in diet may directly affect both LGI and tumorigenesis [233][234][235]. However, according to a recent review, most of the studies on PA interventions in cancer patients do not properly consider nutritional aspects [236].…”

Section: Effects Of Physical Activity On Adipose Tissue Low-grade Inflammation and Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines

Perego

Sansoni

Ziemann³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.

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“…Similarly, in a recently published systematic review focusing on effects of nutrition and physical activity interventions among older patients with cancer, the researchers had to lower their initial age cut-off criterion from ≥70 to ≥60 years of age, as they did not find any studies in the initial search. Even with a cut-off of ≥60 years and with inclusion of all treatments (and non-treatment) only a small number of studies were identified [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exercise-based interventions on health-related quality of life and physical function in older patients with cancer receiving medical antineoplastic treatments: a systematic review

Mikkelsen

Juhl

Lund

et al. 2020

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Older patients with cancer are underrepresented in trials investigating the effect of exercise therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of exercise therapy during medical antineoplastic treatment in older patients (≥ 65 years) with cancer. A systematic review following the Cochrane guidelines was performed. Randomized controlled trials were identified through a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL up to December 2019. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Four randomized controlled trials published between 2014 and 2019 were included comprising a total of 412 participants. Most participants were diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer. The studies were characterized by large differences in design, interventions and outcomes, which prevented meta-analyses. The interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months and involved both supervised and unsupervised exercise programs. Some evidence of beneficial effects from the interventions were documented on physical function, muscle strength, physical activity and cognitive function. No evidence of effects was found for health-related quality of life, aerobic capacity, body composition, cancer-related symptoms and side effects, or for any clinical outcomes. No adverse events were reported. Exercise therapy seems to be safe and feasible in older patients with cancer. However, due to a limited number of studies, small sample sizes and heterogeneity across study design, the effects of exercise in older patients with cancer receiving medical antineoplastic treatment are inconclusive.

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Physical activity and nutrition interventions for older adults with cancer: a systematic review

Cited by 47 publications

References 78 publications

Individualised physical activity programme in patients over 65 years with haematological malignancies (OCAPI): protocol for a single-arm feasibility trial

Individualised physical activity programme in patients over 65 years with haematological malignancies (OCAPI): protocol for a single-arm feasibility trial

Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines

The effect of exercise-based interventions on health-related quality of life and physical function in older patients with cancer receiving medical antineoplastic treatments: a systematic review

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