Physical activity and neural correlates of aging: A combined TMS/fMRI study

McGregor, Keith M.; Zlatar, Zvinka Z.; Kleim, Erin; Sudhyadhom, Atchar; Bauer, Andrew; Phan, Stephanie; Seeds, Lauren; Ford, Anastasia; Manini, Todd M.; White, Keith D.; Kleim, Jeffrey A.; Crosson, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.042

Cited by 71 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…, coin rotation during bimanual conditions) in sedentary, but not fit middle-aged adults. Differences in ipsilateral silent period between physically fit and sedentary individuals are an extension of findings reported previously in elderly adults [12]. These results suggest that sustained physical activity ( i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Aging, Aerobic Activity and Interhemispheric Communication

et al. 2012

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Recent studies have shown that during unimanual motor tasks, aging adults show bilateral recruitment of primary motor cortex (M1), while younger adults show a suppression of the ipsilateral motor cortex. Additional work has indicated that increased bilateral M1 recruitment in older adults may be deleterious when performing some motor tasks. However, higher levels of physical fitness are associated with improved dexterity and fitness may mitigate the loss of both inhibitory and excitatory communication in aging adults. The goal of this study was to assess dexterity and interhemispheric motor communication in physically fit and sedentary middle-age (40–60 years) right handed participants using tests of hand deftness and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). To behaviorally assess the influence of interhemispheric communication on motor performance, participants also perform the coin rotation deftness task while maintaining pinch force with the opposite hand (bimanual condition). We correlated these behavioral measures with the ipsilateral silent period using TMS to assess interhemispheric inhibition. Our results show that the middle-aged adults who were physically fit had better dexterity of their right hand (finger tapping and peg-board). When performing the coin rotation task the fit group had no between hand differences, but the sedentary group’s left hand performance was inferior to the their right hand. We found that better dexterity correlated with ipsilateral silent period duration (greater inhibition) thereby supporting the postulate that fitness improves interhemispheric motor communication.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Aging, Aerobic Activity and Interhemispheric Communication

et al. 2012

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“…This mechanism has not been explored during neural activation of swallowingrelated muscles in older subjects, but it has been explored during neural activation limb muscles. Increased MEP magnitude measured from limb muscles has been postulated to be due to decreased excitability of intracortical inhibitory neurons and subsequent enhanced neural activation (McGregor et al 2011;Peinemann et al 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender effects on submental motor-evoked potentials

Sella

Jones

Huckabee

2014

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It is not known whether there are ageand/or gender-related differences in magnitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the submental muscles. Knowledge of this is important in investigations of neurophysiological aspects of swallowing. Forty healthy participants (20 males, 20 females; 20 young [21-35 years], 20 old [53-88 years]) were recruited. Surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes were placed at midline underlying the submental muscle group. Age-and genderrelated differences were evaluated in two neurophysiologic measures of swallowing: MEPs stimulated by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex and surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from the same submental muscle group during non-stimulated swallows. The older participants had larger MEPs during saliva swallowing than the young participants (p = 0.04, d=0.86). Conversely, the older participants had lower amplitude submental EMG activity during nonstimulated swallows (p=0.045, d=0.67). Gender had no significant effect on MEP magnitude and on submental activity during saliva swallowing. There were no effects of age or gender on MEP latencies. These findings suggest deterioration in muscle function with age in a sample of healthy adults presenting with functional swallowing. We speculate that muscular decline is partially ameliorated by increased cortical activity-i.e., increased submental MEPs-so as to preserve swallowing function in healthy older subjects. These findings emphasize the need for different reference points for evaluation of submental MEPs of different age groups.

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“…The limitation was not addressed as it is extremely difficult to accurately quantify one's lifelong history of physical activity. As a result, dividing participants based on the results of a physical activity questionnaire remains a common practice in motor control research (e.g., Adamo et al 2007;Adamo et al 2009;McGregor et al 2011;Petrella et al 1997;Pickard et al 2003;Wright et al 2011).…”

Section: Classification Of Physical Activity Level As a Study Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

Helsen

Halewyck

Levin

et al. 2016

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The present study examines whether nonactive older adults are more dependent on visual information when executing aiming movements and whether age-related declines in proprioception play a mediating role herein. Young (N = 40) and older adults (N = 38) were divided into physically active and non-active subgroups based on self-reported sports participation levels. In experiment 1, participants executed wrist-aiming movements with and without visual feedback. In experiment 2, passive proprioceptive acuity was assessed using wrist motion detection and position matching tests. Results showed similar aiming accuracy across age groups both with and without visual feedback, but older adults exhibited longer movement times, prolonged homing-in phase, and made more corrective submovements. Passive proprioceptive acuity was significantly affected by physical activity level and age, with participants in the active group scoring better than their non-active peers. However, these declines did not predict performance changes on the aiming task. Taken together, our observations suggest that decline in proprioceptive acuity did not predict performance changes on the aiming task and older adults were able to compensate for their decreased motion and position sense when allowed sufficient time. In line with these observations, we proposed that older adults are able to compensate for their decline in proprioception by increasing their reliance on predictive models.

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Physical activity and neural correlates of aging: A combined TMS/fMRI study

Cited by 71 publications

References 72 publications

Aging, Aerobic Activity and Interhemispheric Communication

Aging, Aerobic Activity and Interhemispheric Communication

Age and gender effects on submental motor-evoked potentials

Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

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