Physical activity and 22‐year all‐cause and coronary heart disease mortality

Abstract

OPA was positively associated with both all-cause and CHD mortality. LTPA was not protective. Among men with CHD, LTPA increased mortality risks.

Do highly physically active workers die early? A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from 193 696 participants

“…Instead, this finding is probably due to so-called healthy worker effect, a form of selection bias were more healthy subjects select into and remain in the most physically strenuous occupations. The presence of this effect was demonstrated in one of the reviewed studies21 and in a previous study on occupational PA and cardiovascular disease incidence 17…”

“…Only one study used relative aerobic workload as an occupational PA exposure measure that inherently accounts for individual fitness level, and this measure was more predictive of mortality than exposure assessment by energy expenditure based on metabolic equivalents of occupational PA alone in the same study 21. These findings suggest that future research on occupational PA needs to take individual fitness into account.…”

“…Studies included in this review were based only on self-reports of occupational PA and all but one21 used crude categories (with heterogeneous definitions) to operationalise occupational PA exposure. The reduction of continuous data or multiple occupational PA categories into a dichotomous variable as performed either by the original study authors or by us for the purpose of our meta-analysis may have resulted in a conservative misclassification bias, leading to an underestimation of the magnitude of the association of occupational PA with mortality.…”

Occupational physical activity and all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: Results from two longitudinal studies in Switzerland

“…A priori, we decided to stratify by gender because different effects of occupational physical activity on mortality have been reported . The basic model (model 1) was adjusted for age, education (as a proxy for socioeconomic status), marital status, and nationality. In MONICA, we also adjusted for wave.…”

“…While the beneficial effects of this type of physical activity on the cardiovascular system are well documented, the literature regarding occupational physical activity is rather inconsistent . Some studies showed health benefits also for occupational physical activity, but other studies showed no significant effects or even reported detrimental health effects . A meta‐analysis suggests that the risk of CVD increases by 10% for moderate and by 24% for high (vs low) levels of occupational physical activity .…”