Physical Activity: A Viable Way to Reduce the Risks of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Vascular Dementia in Older Adults

Gallaway, Patrick J.; Miyake, Hiroji; Buchowski, Maciej S.; Shimada, Mieko; Yoshitake, Yutaka; Kim, Angela S.; Hongu, Nobuko

doi:10.3390/brainsci7020022

Cited by 126 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Despite promising research showing that PA might improve cognitive functioning in people with MCI [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , it is concerning that people with MCI are, compared to the general population, at a higher risk of not meeting the recommended 150 min/week moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA level (odds ratio=1.28; 95%CI=1.11-1.48) 20 . To date, there is no research investigating factors that influence PA participation in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity correlates in people with mild cognitive impairment: findings from six low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity correlates in people with mild cognitive impairment: findings from six low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2018

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“…Described over a century ago, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive dementia in late adult life ( Dai et al, 2017;Gallaway et al, 2017) and still is not fully understood. The pathology of AD is mainly characterized by multiple etiological and biochemical aberrations including the formation of senile plaques by aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and oxidative stress, that are linked to abnormal neuronal function and progressive degeneration and neuronal loss (Zhang, 2011;Armstrong, 2011;Lauritzen et al, 2012;Reitz and Mayeux, 2014;Jeong, 2017;Sanabria-Castro et al, 2017;Feitosa, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin reduces pathology and increases adult neurogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Calió

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide, and is characterized by the presence, in the brain tissue, of extracellular senile plaques formed by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein.These changes lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, resulting in severe brain atrophy and cognitive deficits. With the discovery that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain, including brain regions affected by AD, studies of the use of neural stem cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in order to repair and/or prevent neuronal cell loss have increased. Here we show that leptin increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice as well as in the subventricular zone both in wild type and AD transgenic mouse model. Chronic administration of leptin to young mice increased neural stem cell proliferation with significant effects on differentiation and survival of newborn cells. Expression of the long form of leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in the neurogenic niches by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, leptin modulated astrogliosis and the formation of senile plaques. Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of leptin in the brain that may lead to the development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.

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“…Among these risk factors, physical activity has a marked impact on Alzheimer's disease (population attributable fractions [PAFs] for moderate‐to‐vigorous level of physical activity were 17.9% in Australia, 20.3% in Europe, 21.0% in the United States, and 21.8% in the United Kingdom) . A number of potential mechanisms whereby physical activity might reduce the risk of dementia have been suggested (increased cerebral blood flow, improved cardiovascular and metabolic health [eg, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia], amelioration of depression, and improvement of sleep quality) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 A number of potential mechanisms whereby physical activity might reduce the risk of dementia have been suggested (increased cerebral blood flow, improved cardiovascular and metabolic health [eg, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia], amelioration of depression, and improvement of sleep quality). 6 However, to our knowledge, the impact of physical activity on incident dementia has never been investigated in East Asian countries such as Japan. The previous study reported that a physical inactivity (moderate-to-vigorous level) in Japan was relatively more prevalent than in other countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of time spent walking on incident dementia in elderly Japanese

Tomata

Zhang

Sugawara

et al. 2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives This study examined the hypothesis that time spent walking daily has a marked impact on incident dementia. Methods/design First, we analyzed data from a Japanese cohort (n = 13 990 aged ≥65 y) to obtain hazard ratios. Time spent walking per day (<0.5, 0.5‐1, or ≥1 h) was assessed using a self‐reported questionnaire. Data on 5.7‐year incident dementia were retrieved from the public long‐term care insurance database. After estimating the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident dementia using the Cox model, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated using the prevalence in a representative Japanese survey, the “National Health and Nutrition Survey”. Results The time spent walking per day showed an inverse association with incident dementia: the multiple‐adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) were 1.00 (reference) for less than 0.5 hour, 0.81 [0.71, 0.92] for 0.5 to 1 hour, and 0.72 [0.62, 0.84] for more than or equal to 1 hour. Our estimates indicate that 18.1% of dementia cases would be attributable to walking if all subjects walked more than or equal to 1 h/d and 14.0% if subjects increased their daily time spent walking to one level above the present one (<0.5 to 0.5‐1 or 0.5‐1 to ≥1 h). Conclusions Our results suggest that the daily time spent walking has a considerable preventive impact on incident dementia in Japan.

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Physical Activity: A Viable Way to Reduce the Risks of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Vascular Dementia in Older Adults

Cited by 126 publications

References 132 publications

Physical activity correlates in people with mild cognitive impairment: findings from six low- and middle-income countries

Physical activity correlates in people with mild cognitive impairment: findings from six low- and middle-income countries

Leptin reduces pathology and increases adult neurogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Impact of time spent walking on incident dementia in elderly Japanese

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