Phylogeography of Yersinia pestis vole strains isolated from natural foci of the Caucasus and South Caucasus

Platonov, M. E.; Evseeva, V. V.; Светоч, Т. Э.; Ефременко, Д. В.; Кузнецова, И. В.; Dentovskaya, Svetlana V.; Куличенко, А. Н.; Anisimov, Andrey P.

doi:10.3103/s089141681203007x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Several investigators (Anisimov et al, 2010; Bolotin & Hershberg, 2015; Hinnebusch et al, 2016; Parkhill, Dougan, et al, 2001) found that paring down the evolving Y. pestis genome provided for locally refined r‐pestis forms favoring transmissibility over local persistence. One or more potentially reversible point or frameshift mutations may create pseudogenes or engender meiotrophic outcomes (Anisimov, 2002; Anisimov et al, 1999; Englesberg & Ingraham, 1957).…”

Section: Sources For Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant associations Haiko et al (2011) demonstrated that even plants may provide resources for pathogens such as Y. pestis. Early researchers considered Y. pestis-plant associations (see review in Anisimov, 2002), and that plants might harbor the plague organism. Infection of plants has been demonstrated for limited time periods (Litvin, 1997;Rivkus et al, 1993;Rivkus Iu & Bochkarev, 2000).…”

Section: Fleasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis

Wimsatt,

Eads,

Matchett

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Several explanations have been posited for how the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) reemerges during sylvatic cycles within the same foci over many years, and often without direct evidence of host die‐offs. One prevalent view is that transmission‐optimized Y. pestis bacteria, exhibiting epizootic/enzootic behavior, almost continually replicate and survive through repeated, linked, host‐centered propagation events. These bacteria, we will refer to as “r‐pestis” type ecotype(s), represent a limited number of phenotypic lineages exhibiting optimal transmissibility and high rates of reproduction. These attributes, it is thought, assure their durability through time. For continuous r‐pestis type expansions to be successful, adequate numbers of fleas and hosts must become infected to produce massive numbers of bacteria. In the process, host and flea numbers decline as they succumb to plague. Here we hypothesize that r‐pestis population expansions seed the environment and confront a unique, highly competitive local milieu, where natural selection favors new ecotypes that incorporate a range of emergent adaptive survival strategies. These newly adapted survivors we recognize as a range of “K‐pestis” ecotypes with greater durability and lower reproduction rates. These emergent K‐pestis forms may arise in succession or coexist for varying periods of time with r‐pestis ecotypes, and with other K‐pestis ecotypes. Among K‐pestis ecotypes, we hypothesize that through adaptive radiations, some persist within flea life stages, soil, organic waste, amoebae, plants, carcasses, hosts, or within niches yet to be characterized. In some settings, after a long quiet period, when favorable, K‐pestis bacteria may trigger a singular event where an r‐pestis transmission stream emerges precipitating another enzootic/epizootic progression. If this hypothesis withstands rigorous testing, then Y. pestis might represent an even more formidable, enduring, and adaptable foe, where unforeseen local events could trigger new epidemic and epizootic/enzootic events threatening humans and populations of other mammals, including those of conservation concern.

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Section: Sources For Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fleasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis

Wimsatt,

Eads,

Matchett

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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“…The data of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) typing of Y. pestis subsp. microtus strains ( 3 , 4 ) suggest that bv. ulegeica (0.PE5) strains from Mongolia represent the most recent guinea pig/human-avirulent branch of the Y. pestis phylogenetic tree.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six Whole-Genome Assemblies of Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv. ulegeica (Phylogroup 0.PE5) Strains Isolated from Mongolian Natural Plague Foci

et al. 2018

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“…microtus bv. caucasica strains ( 3 ) suggest that the strains from the East Caucasian (previous name, Dagestan) mountain focus (no. 39) represent the most ancient branch of the 0.PE2 phylogroup circulating in populations of common voles ( Microtus arvalis ).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%