Phylogeography of the copepod Calanoides carinatus s.l. (Krøyer) reveals cryptic species and delimits C. carinatus s.s. distribution in SW Atlantic Ocean

Population genetic structure of Calanoides natalis (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Benguela upwelling system

“…Our observation of a genetically cohesive population of C. natalis in the eastern Atlantic Ocean confirms the findings by Viñas et al (Viñas et al, 2015). BradfordGrieve et al (Bradford-Grieve et al, 2017) conclude that the species integrity of C. natalis is maintained by the population in the Indian Ocean due to the leakage of water into the Atlantic Ocean in the Agulhas Retroflection.…”

“…Interestingly, a few highly divergent sequences of mitochondrial COI are found in both hemispheres in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, without being spatially separated from the prevalent MOTU. A similar observation is made by Viñas et al (Viñas et al, 2015) who described a single genetically cohesive population of C. natalis in the NE/SE Atlantic, but also found a few highly diverse sequences off the Spanish coast. We constructed a combined COI haplotype network, which reveals a perfect match of both datasets (see Supplementary Fig.…”

“…Recently, it has been shown that the distribution of C. carinatus s.s. is restricted to the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (Viñas et al, 2015) and its sibling species in the eastern Atlantic has been re-described as C. natalis (Bradford-Grieve et al, 2017). In the present study, we investigate the population genetic structure and phylogeography of C. natalis in the eastern Atlantic Ocean by using enhanced sampling effort and the combined analysis of mitochondrial COI and nuclear CS.…”

“…Until recently, it was considered to be part of Calanoides carinatus (Krøyer, 1849) with a geographical distribution originally described for tropical and temperate upwelling systems ranging from the northeast coast off Somalia, around South Africa to the West African coast, as well as the Brazilian and Argentinian coasts (Peterson, 1998). Based on the analysis of the mitochondrial marker COI, Viñas et al (Viñas et al, 2015) found that the distribution of C. carinatus sensu stricto is restricted to the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. BradfordGrieve et al (Bradford-Grieve et al, 2017) re-described the species in the eastern Atlantic and Indian Ocean as C. natalis based on an integrated taxonomic approach combining morphological and molecular analysis.…”

“…The two phylogenetic studies on C. natalis are solely based on the mitochondrial marker gene COI (Viñas et al, 2015;Bradford-Grieve et al, 2017). Primers for the analysis of nuclear marker genes in C. natalis can be designed based on known sequences of nuclear-coded genes in closely related species (Bucklin et al, 2003;Goetze, 2003;Unal and Bucklin, 2010;Kozol et al, 2012).…”