Phylogeography of Ryukyu insular cicadas: Extensive vicariance by island isolation vs accidental dispersal by super typhoon

Abstract

Cicadas tend to be affected by vicariance reflecting poor mobility of nymphs underground and weak flying ability of adults. However, modern collection records of invasive cicada, combined with records of typhoon tracks, and newly obtained phylogeographic data suggest long distance, relatively instantaneous, dispersal of some vicariantly speciated cicadas. We address the importance of this typhoon dispersal mechanism applied to representative species of east Asian endemic cicadas of Cryptotympana, Mogannia, Euterpnosia and Meimuna. We combine BEAST-dated phylogenic and haplotype network analyses, modern collection data of non-native cicadas available in reports of the Japanese insect associations, modern typhoon records by Japan Meteorological Agency, and our own Quaternary geological constriction data. In conclusion, although Ryukyu endemic cicadas were vicariantly speciated, endemic cicadas on some islands were accidentally dispersed long distances to another island by typhoons, particularly those associated with super typhoons generated since 1.55 Ma.

4D volcanic geology of Hachijo-jima islet, Izu-Bonin arc

“…The emerged island area is estimated to be only 10 km 2 at 0.89 Ma (Table 4), and the habitat may be small to support land organisms. Such a date is useful for calibration of molecular biologic events associated with the islands of the Izu-Bonin arc (Osozawa et al, 2021); similar sorts of geologic calibration for molecular biology have been applied by Osozawa et al (2012a).…”