Phylogeography of mitochondrial haplogroup D1: An early spread of subhaplogroup D1j from Central Argentina

Abstract

We analyzed the patterns of variation of haplogroup D1 in central Argentina, including new data and published information from other populations of South America. Almost 28% (107/388) of the individuals sampled in the region belong to haplogroup D1, whereas more than 52% of them correspond to the recently described subhaplogroup D1j (Bodner et al.: Genome Res 22 (2012) 811-820), defined by the presence of additional transitions at np T152C-C16242T-T16311C to the nodal D1 motif. This lineage was found at high frequencies across a wide territory with marked geographical-ecological differences. Additionally, 12 individuals present the mutation C16187T that defines the recently named subhaplogroup D1g (Bodner et al.: Genome Res 22 (2012) 811-820), previously described in populations of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Based on our results and additional data already published, we postulate that the most likely origin of subhaplogroup D1j is the region of Sierras Pampeanas, which occupies the center and part of the northwestern portion of Argentina. The extensive yet restricted geographical distribution, the relatively large internal diversity, and the absence or low incidence of D1j in other regions of South America suggest the existence of an ancient metapopulation covering the Sierras Pampeanas, being this lineage its genetic signature. Further support for a scenario of local origin for D1j in the Sierras Pampeanas stems from the fact that early derivatives from a putative ancestral lineage carrying the transitions T16311C-T152C have only been found in this region, supporting the hypothesis that it might represent an ancestral motif previous to the appearance of D1j-specific change C16242T.

Primer genoma mitocondrial en restos humanos de la Costa de Santa Cruz, Argentina

“…Asimismo, al interior de cada subhaplogrupo se está avanzando en la definición de clados con distribuciones geográficas acotadas, que se habrían diferenciado localmente (Gayà-Vidal et al 2011;Bodner et al 2012;de Saint Pierre et al 2012a,b;García et al 2012;Motti, 2012;Taboada-Echalar et al 2013).…”

Identification of Whole Mitochondrial Genomes from Venezuela and Implications on Regional Phylogenies in South America

“…Mitochondrial DNA analysis in the Southern Cone region suggested subgroups such as D1g and B2i that occur in high frequencies in the region probably arose with the first migration wave into the continent but went through different phylogenetic trajectories (Bodner et al 2012;de Saint Pierre et al 2012). New lineages within haplogroups C1 and D1 have also been linked to local origins and continuity with prehistoric populations (Garcia et al 2012;Sans et al 2012). The Yekuana haplotypes add to the growing number of South American mitogenomes, particularly by expanding South American subhaplogroups (e.g.…”

First analysis of mitochondrial lineages from the eastern Pampa–Patagonia transition during the final late Holocene

“…Bodner et al () proposed that D1j and D1g shared the same route of entry to Patagonia, but, according to de Saint Pierre (), D1j is over 5,000 years younger than D1g. In contrast, based on its high frequency, García, Pauro, Nores, Bravi, & Demarchi () proposed the Central Argentinean region as the place of origin and subsequent dispersion of D1j. Based on the latter proposal, the presence of subhaplogroup D1j in Paso Alsina 1 could be indicating the existence of gene flow between pre‐Hispanic human groups from the eastern Pampa–Patagonia transition and the Central Argentinean region.…”

“…Finally, the results obtained in this work support the genetic models that explain the origin and distribution of the D1g subhaplogroup (Bodner et al, ; de Saint Pierre, Bravi, et al, ). Besides, the presence of the D1j subhaplogroup in Paso Alsina 1 could be related to population interactions with Central Argentinean groups (García et al, ).…”