Phylogeography of Chilean Lizards: Histories of Genetic Diversification on the Western Slope of Southern Andes

Victoriano, Pedro

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42752-8_10

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In these studies, the effect of latitudinal climatic gradients is thought to be exacerbated by topographic barriers and past climatic cycles, especially for small or narrow‐range taxa and their inability to track climatic shifts (Moura et al, 2017; Vasconcelos et al, 2014). Along the western slope of the southern Andes, latitudinal patterns of lizard endemism are explained by a combination of latitudinal climatic gradients and past climatic cycles as well as the contribution of several latitudinally arranged rivers (Victoriano, 2020). The biogeographic processes along the western Andes, between the mountain range and the coast, appear to be analogous to the processes we observe in the MPA, between southern Africa's Great Escarpment and the coast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot

Busschau

Jordaan

Conradie

et al. 2022

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: Comparative phylogeographic studies provide important insights into the biogeographic processes shaping regional patterns of diversity. Yet, comparative studies are lacking for southern African herpetofauna, despite their high diversity. We statistically compare phylogeographic structure and divergence-time estimates among five co-distributed forest-living herpetofaunal taxa to assess rivers, climatic refugia and climatic gradients as congruent drivers of phylogeographic diversity.Location: Maputoland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot, Southern Africa. Taxon: herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians).Methods: Phylogeographic structure and divergence-times within species were estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Phylogeographic concordance factors were used to estimate the degree of phylogeographic congruence among sympatric localities. Full-likelihood Bayesian comparisons were used to estimate synchronous divergence between phylogeographic regions and across a putative river barrier. Palaeoclimatic niche models were compared among taxa to identify congruent climatic refugia. Nonparametric statistics were used to identify climatic differences between regions and among populations within each species. Finally, redundancy analyses were used to assess geographic distance, climate and the putative river barrier as explanatory variables to genetic diversity. Results: There is comprehensive phylogeographic structuring within each species, comprising distinct northerly and southerly clades. Phylogeographic concordance factors generally support co-diversification in a north/south axis. Yet, analyses of the divergence-time estimates through the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene indicate asynchronous phylogeographic histories. Climatic niche models identified idiosyncratic responses to palaeoclimatic change. Climatic variables are significantly different among populations in all species and correlated with latitude. A combined model of distance, climate and rivers explained the greatest proportion of genetical diversity in most taxa, of which climate explained the highest variance. Main Conclusions: Ancient and recent species-specific responses to climatic and geological processes resulted in pseudo congruent phylogeographic histories among the five co-distributed species. The presence of a congruent north/south pattern in multiple taxonomic groups occupying different forested microhabitats, from fossorial to arboreal, supports latitudinal gradients as global drivers of phylogeographic diversity along the east coast of South Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot

Busschau

Jordaan

Conradie

et al. 2022

Journal of Biogeography

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“…During glacial periods, highland vegetation would have colonized the lower areas of the Intermediate Depression, bringing together populations from the Andes and the Coast. For example, according to this, for certain lineages of the lizard Liolaemus pictus , closely associated with Nothofagus and Araucaria forests, there is phylogeographic evidence of the absence of reciprocal monophyly between currently disjunct populations in both mountain ranges, which suggests that historically they would have experienced Andes-Costa gene exchange 72 . The results of selection signals, and the distribution of neutral genetic variation within and among Coastal and Andean populations (Group 2), strengthen the need for conservation strategies within the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing signals of selection and historical demography to develop conservation strategies in the Chilean emblematic Araucaria araucana

Fuentes

González

Saavedra

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Loss of genetic diversity reduces the ability of species to evolve and respond to environmental change. Araucaria araucana is an emblematic conifer species from southern South America, with important ethnic value for the Mapuche people (Pehuenche); the Chilean Government has catalogued its conservation status as vulnerable. Climatic fluctuations were potentially a major impact in the genetic variation within many tree species. In this context, the restricted geographic distribution of A. araucana in Chile appears to be a consequence of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During the past two centuries, strong human intervention has also affected the geographical distribution and population sizes of A. araucana. Reduction of population size may cause loss of genetic diversity, which could affect frequency of adaptive loci. The aims of this study were to know the existence of potential loci under selection and populations with genetic, demographic disequilibrium in the Chilean distribution of A. araucana. Based on 268 polymorphic AFLP loci, we have investigated potential loci under selection and genetic, demographic disequilibrium within seven Chilean populations of Araucaria araucana. Correlation of 41 outlier loci with the environmental variables of precipitation and temperature reveals signatures of selection, whereas 227 neutral loci provide estimates of demographic equilibrium and genetic population structure. Three populations are recommended as priorities for conservation.

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“…Individuals of L. tenuis and L. lemniscatus were collected from the south bank of the Maipo River in central Chile (Figure 1), a well-recognized geographic barrier for many lizard species [23,[47][48][49]. The aim was to collect closely located populations without separation by geographic barriers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that the studied populations may experience ethological isolating barriers mediated by chemical modality and that gene flow may be restricted even without geographic barriers (e.g., [43]). Genetic analyses of L. tenuis along its geographic distribution have consistently revealed that the species might constitute a diverse cryptic species complex [23,47,63]. Thus, unraveling this complex should combine genetic and scent chemical analyses, ideally including scent discrimination tests (e.g., [64]).…”

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confidence: 99%

Population Scent Discrimination in Two Liolaemus Lizard Species: Exploring Ethological Isolation

Labra

2023

Diversity

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Reproductive isolating barriers are a crucial element in the speciation process. From these barriers, and among those acting early in the speciation process (premating), the ethological ones can play a pivotal role in isolating populations or closely related species. In fact, the high diversity of some taxa has been correlated with an elevated divergence in sexual signals, which facilitates isolation. The present study explored whether variation in chemical signals may contribute to the high diversity of Liolaemus lizards, a genus with more than 290 species. Specifically, population scent discrimination was investigated in two sympatric species, L. tenuis and L. lemniscatus, studying the response of closely located populations most likely from the same genetic lineages. Lizards of both species discriminated between scents of their own and different populations, and in some cases, scents from their own population were preferred. These results suggest a fast evolution of scents and/or of their discrimination, implying that the ethological barriers involving the chemical modality may evolve fast. The studied species, however, differed in the strength of the exhibited population scent discrimination, suggesting that the ethological barriers may evolve at different rates across species. It can be concluded that ethological barriers involving chemical modality may disrupt species’ cohesion, potentially contributing to Liolaemus diversification, in synergy or not with geographical barriers.

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Phylogeography of Chilean Lizards: Histories of Genetic Diversification on the Western Slope of Southern Andes

Cited by 5 publications

References 123 publications

Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot

Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot

Assessing signals of selection and historical demography to develop conservation strategies in the Chilean emblematic Araucaria araucana

Population Scent Discrimination in Two Liolaemus Lizard Species: Exploring Ethological Isolation

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