“…The information derived from molecular data of these studies, undetectable through traditional biogeography and demography, is essential to examining population dynamics and understanding evolutionary processes (Avise, 1994;Prior et al, 1997), and could provide the foundation for formulating and implementing any conservation and management plan (e.g., Frankham et al, 2002;Hrbek et al, 2005;Ma et al, 2006). In Mainland China, few such studies have been reported, and most of them involve endotherm species, fishes, and amphibians (e.g., Macey et al, 1998b;Murphy et al, 2000;Su et al, 2001;Pang et al, 2003;Perdices et al, 2004Perdices et al, , 2005Fu et al, 2005;Li et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005). Few such studies involve terrestrial poikilotherms with narrow habitat requirements and limited dispersal potentials such as venomous snakes; this is partly also due to their secretive habits, difficulty in obtaining representative samples (described by Ursenb-acher et al, 2006), and their toxicity to humans.…”