Phylogeny of the Trichogramma endosymbiont Wolbachia, an alpha-proteobacteria (Rickettsiae)

Abstract

Wolbachia (Hertig) endosymbionts are extensively studied in a wide range of organisms and are known to be transmitted through the egg cytoplasm to the offsping. Wolbachia may cause several types of reproductive modifications in arthropods. In Trichogramma species, parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia bacteria allow females wasps to produce daughters from unfertilized eggs and these bacteria are present in at least 9% of all Trichogramma species. Phylogenetic studies have led to the subdivision of the Wolbachia clade in five supergroups (A, B, C, D and E) and Wolbachia from Trichogramma belong to supergroup B. Here, using the wsp gene, four groups of Wolbachia that infect Trichogramma species were distinguished and the addition of a new group "Ato" was suggested due to the addition of Wolbachia from Trichogramma atopovirilia (Oatman and Platner). Specific primers were designed and tested for the "Ato" group. Seventy-five percent of all evaluated Wolbachia strains from Trichogramma fell within "Sib" group.Keywords: symbiont, egg parasitoid, DNA sequencing, phylogenetic relationships. and Platner, 1983). Primers específicos foram construídos e testados para o grupo "Ato". Setenta e cinco por cento de todas as linhagens de Wolbachia que infectam Trichogramma se enquadraram dentro do grupo "Sib". Filogenia do endosimbiontePalavras-chave: simbionte, parasitoide de ovos, sequenciamento de DNA, filogenia.

Comparison of the Micromorphology and Ultrastructure of Pollen Grains of Selected Rubus idaeus L. Cultivars Grown in Commercial Plantation

“…The thickness of the exine in the grains was lower in ‘Laszka’, ‘Radziejowa’, ‘Pokusa’, and ‘Polka’ were close to the values, but in the case of ‘Polana’ it was in the range of values determined in other Rubus species (0.9–2.4 μm) [ 64 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 105 ]. Sporopollenin contributes to high exine stability.…”

Gradual, temperature-induced change of secondary sexual characteristics inTrichogramma pretiosuminfected with parthenogenesis-inducingWolbachia

“…The intracellular symbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia , is a type of sex regulatory element that is ubiquitous in arthropods. Wolbachia can induce insects to undergo parthenogenesis (PI), cytoplasmic incompatibility, male-killing, and feminization (Werren & Windsor, 2000; Almeida & Stouthamer, 2018). The sex determination mechanism for Trichogramma is haplodiploidy, where fertilized eggs develop into diploid females and unfertilized eggs develop into haploid males (Perlman, Kelly & Hunter, 2008).…”

“…The Wolbachia -mediated phenotype are closely related with Wolbahcia titers. Many studies revealed Wolbachia were sensitive to multiple factors (e.g., temperature and antibiotic treatment) (Tulgetske & Michelle, 2010; Tulgetske & Stouthamer, 2012; Almeida & Stouthamer, 2018). The reduction of Wolbachia titers was often reported in high temperature (Zchori-Fein, Gottlieb & Coll, 2000; Ma & Schwander, 2017).…”

Peer Review #1 of "Gradual, temperature-induced change of secondary sexual characteristics in Trichogramma pretiosum infected with parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia (v0.1)"

“…The intracellular symbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia, is a type of sex regulatory element that is ubiquitous in arthropods. Wolbachia can induce insects to undergo parthenogenesis (PI), cytoplasmic incompatibility(CI), male-killing(MK), and feminization (Werren & Windsor, 2000;Almeida & Stouthamer, 2018). The sex determination mechanism for Trichogramma is haplodiploidy, where fertilized eggs develop into diploid females and unfertilized eggs develop into haploid males (Perlman et al, 2008).…”

“…Many studies revealed Wolbachia were sensitive to mutiple factors (e.g. temperature and antibiotic treatment) (Tulgetske et al, 2010;Tulgetske et al, 2012;Almeida & Stouthamer, 2018). The reduction of Wolbachia titers was often reported in high temperature (Zchori-Fein et al, 2000;Ma & Schwander, 2017).…”