Phylogeny of the Pluteaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): taxonomy and character evolution

Abstract

The phylogeny of the genera traditionally classified in the family Pluteaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) was investigated using molecular data from nuclear ribosomal genes (nSSU, ITS, nLSU) and consequences for taxonomy and character evolution were evaluated. The genus Volvariella is polyphyletic, as most of its representatives fall outside the Pluteoid clade and shows affinities to some hygrophoroid genera (Camarophyllus, Cantharocybe). Volvariella gloiocephala and allies are placed in a different clade, which represents the sister group of Pluteus, and a new generic name, Volvopluteus, is proposed to accommodate these taxa. Characters such as basidiospore size and pileipellis structure can be used to separate Pluteus, Volvariella and Volvopluteus. The genus Pluteus is monophyletic and includes species with partial veil traditionally classified in the genus Chamaeota. The evolution of morphological features used in the infrageneric taxonomy of the genus, such as metuloid cystidia and pileipellis structure, was analyzed. Agreement between the molecular phylogeny and morphological subdivision of Pluteus is, generally speaking, good, though some rearrangements are necessary: (i) species with non-metuloid pleurocystidia and pileipellis as a cutis are placed either in sect. Celluloderma, together with the species characterized by a hymenidermal pipeipellis, or in sect. Pluteus, with the metuloid bearing species; (ii) subdivision of sect. Celluloderma according to the presence/absence of cystidioid elements in the pileipellis is not supported by molecular data.

A preliminary ITS phylogeny of Melanoleuca (Agaricales), with special reference to European taxa

“…2) or retrieved from GenBank. GenBank sequences were selected based on other phylogenetic studies on Agaricales (Moncalvo et al 2002;Matheny et al 2006;Justo et al 2011). Limnoperdon incarnatum (DQ097363) was used as outgroup taxon.…”

“…(Matheny et al 2006). Justo et al (2011) recently place Melanoleuca as sister to a monophyletic group formed by Pluteus species and Volvopluteus Vizzini et al Finally, Vizzini et al (2010) reduced the puzzling genus Kinia Consiglio et al to a subgenus of Melanoleuca with non-amyloid spores.…”

Volvariella (Pluteacae, Basidiomycota) en el Norte de la Argentina

“…Además tiene laminillas libres, blanquecinas al principio, coloreándose de rosado en la madurez con una trama himenoforal convergente, caracteres que la ubican dentro de la familia Pluteaceae (Shaffer 1957;Singer 1986). Recientemente Justo et al (2011) analizaron las relaciones filogenéticas de la familia Pluteaceae, comprobando que Volvariella en el sentido tradicional sensu Singer (1986) conforma un grupo polifiletico. Según Singer (1986) Volvariella está distribuida en cinco grupos morfológicos bien definidos en base al tamaño y coloración de los basidiomas, el tamaño de las esporas y los caracteres de la pileipellis.…”

“…En los análisis realizado por Moncalvo et al (2002) se las relaciona con Schizophyllum Fr. y Fistulina Bull., mientras que Justo et al (2011) lo hace con Camarophyllus (Fr.) P. Kumm.…”

New records of basidiomycetous macrofugi from Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq

“…Cotton blue in lactophenol was used for light microscopy. Macrofungi were identified according to literatures, keys and monographs (Gargano et al, 2011;Justo et al, 2011;Kuo, 2003;Kuo, 2011;Laursen et al, 2013;Phillips, 2013;Ryvarden and Gilbertson, 1993;Senthilarasu, 2015;Watanabe, 2010). All samples were deposited in Biology Department, College of Sciences, Tikrit University.…”