Phylogeny of the Genus Cladonia s.lat. (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycetes) Inferred from Molecular, Morphological, and Chemical Data

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cladonia, including Cladina (Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes), were reconstructed based upon simultaneous analyses of DNA sequences and morphological and chemical data. We used sequences from the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), the 5.8 rDNA gene, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear rDNA gene cluster, and partial sequences from the protein‐coding β‐tubulin gene. The analyses included 235 specimens of 168 taxa representing all currently recognized sections of Cladonia and Cladina and the outgroup genera Cladia, Pycnothelia, and Ramalea. Analyses were performed using optimization alignment with three different parameter values. The results of all analyses support the inclusion of Cladina in Cladonia. The current sectional division of Cladonia was not supported, and a new provisional classification for the genus is proposed.

Distinction ofCladonia reiandC. subulatabased on molecular, chemical and morphological characteristics

“…The Canadian sample of C. rei (AF455191, Stenroos et al 2002) groups with European material. Samples of C. rei in which fumarprotocetraric acid was detected (chemotype I) are grouped with those without fumarprotocetraric acid (chemotype II), confirming our second hypothesis and the current practice to regard these chemotypes has no taxonomic value.…”

Current Results on Biological Activities of Lichen Secondary Metabolites: a Review

“…Molecular biological research on fungi (Fehrer et al, 2008;Lutzoni et al, 2004;Gargas, 2008, 2009;Nordin et al, 2007;Stenroos et al, 2002;Zhou et al, 2006) and experimental techniques (e.g., culturing: Brunauer et al, 2006Brunauer et al, , 2007Culberson and Armaleo, 1992;Hager and Stocker-Wörgötter, 2005;Hamada, 1989;Joneson and Lutzoni, 2009;Stocker-Wörgötter, 2001) are becoming more easily and widely adaptable to lichenology. These techniques have already revolutionized research on the use of lichen substances.…”

Phylogenetic hypotheses: Cladoniaceae, Stereocaulaceae, Baeomycetaceae, and Icmadophilaceae revisited

“…A simplified cladogram of the genus Cladonia based on results obtained in a simultaneous analyses of morphological, chemical and sequence level data bySTENROOS et al (2002).…”