Phylogeny of the eelpout genus Lycodes (Pisces, Zoarcidae) as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rDNA

Møller, Peter Rask; Gravlund, Peter

doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00362-7

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A few families appear to have invaded the Arctic from the Atlantic (e.g., Gadidae, Anarhichadidae). These theories are mainly based on current species diversity in the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific (Schmidt 1950;Briggs 1974), but are largely confirmed by phylogenetic studies (Møller and Gravlund 2003;Roa-Varóna and Orti 2009). At the time of this great biotic interchange (Briggs 2003), the Arctic Ocean was free of ice and boreal (cold-temperate) conditions still prevailed (Golikov and Scarlato 1989).…”

Section: Origin Of Arctic Ocean Fishesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Møller and Gravlund (2003) presented the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lycodes, employing DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes. Worldwide, about half of the Lycodes species inhabit shallow to moderate depths on continental shelves and upper slopes, and half frequent depths greater than about 400 m; none is primarily intertidal (Mecklenburg et al 2002;Møller and Gravlund 2003).…”

Section: Zoarcidae (Eelpouts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography

2010

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Taxonomic and distributional information on each fish species found in arctic marine waters is reviewed, and a list of families and species with commentary on distributional records is presented. The list incorporates results from examination of museum collections of arctic marine fishes dating back to the 1830s. It also incorporates results from DNA barcoding, used to complement morphological characters in evaluating problematic taxa and to assist in identification of specimens collected in recent expeditions. Barcoding results are depicted in a neighbor-joining tree of 880 CO1 (cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene) sequences distributed among 165 species from the arctic region and adjacent waters, and discussed in the family reviews. Using our definition of the arctic region, we count 242 species with documented presence, if 12 species that likely are synonyms are excluded. The 242 species are distributed among 45 families.Six families in Cottoidei with 72 species and five in Zoarcoidei with 55 species account for more than half (52.5%) the species. This study produced CO1 sequences for 106 of the 242 species. Sequence variability in the barcode region permits discrimination of all species. The average sequence variation within species was 0.3% (range 0-3.5%), while the average genetic distance between congeners was 4.7% (range 3.7-13.3%). The CO1 sequences support taxonomic separation of some species, such as Osmerus dentex and O. mordax and Liparis bathyarcticus and L. gibbus; and synonymy of others, like Myoxocephalus verrucosus in M. scorpius and Gymnelus knipowitschi in G. hemifasciatus. They sometimes revealed the presence of additional species that were not entirely expected, such as an unidentified species of Ammodytes in the western Gulf of Alaska, most likely A. personatus; and an unidentified Icelus species of the I. spatula complex with populations in the western Gulf of Alaska and the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas which could be a new species or a species in synonymy. Reviewing distribution, we found that for 24 species the patterns assigned by authors understated historical presence in the arctic region, and for 12 species they overstated presence. For instance, Hippoglossoides robustus is counted as an arctic-boreal species rather than predominantly boreal, and Artediellus uncinatus as predominantly arctic rather than predominantly boreal. Species with arctic, predominantly arctic, or arctic-boreal distributions composed 41% of the 242 species in the region, and predominantly boreal, boreal, and widely distributed species composed 59%. For some continental shelf species, such as the primarily amphiboreal Eumesogrammus praecisus and Leptoclinus maculatus, distributions appear to reflect changes, including reentry into Arctic seas and reestablishment of continuous ranges, that zoogeographers believe have been going on since the end of land bridge and glacial times. This article belongs to the special issue "Arctic Ocean Diversity Synthesis"Electronic supplementary material The online version of this arti...

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Section: Origin Of Arctic Ocean Fishesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Zoarcidae (Eelpouts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography

2010

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“…We do know that nearly all are oviparous, producing large eggs, often greater than 5 mm in diameter, and relatively few eggs, tens to a few hundred, per clutch (Andriashev 1964, Levings 1969, Nash 1986, Moller and Gravlund 2003. Large eggs, in general, afford a great deal of maternal investment.…”

Section: Laboratory Observations Of Reproduction In the Deep-water Zomentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Observations of Reproduction in the Deep-Water Zoarcids Lycodes cortezianus and Lycodapus mandibularis (Teleostei: Zoarcidae)

Ferry¹,

Drazen²,

Franklin³

2007

Pacific Science

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The first observations of reproduction and associated behaviors in captive bigfin eelpout, Lycodes cortezianus, and pallid eelpout, Lycodapus mandibularis, are reported here. One Lycodes cortezianus pair produced 13 transparent and negatively buoyant eggs that were approximately 6 mm in diameter. These were laid on a hydroid-covered rock. The development period was about 7 months, and the young that emerged were approximately 2 cm in total length. An additional captive pair also exhibited mating behavior as the male repeatedly nudged the female and the pair produced a burrow under a sponge; however the male died before any mating. Two gravid female Lycodapus mandibularis were captured and laid between 23 and 46 eggs that were about 4 mm in diameter. These were released on the sandy substrate after the females moved the sand about the tank, and the eggs were negatively buoyant. These eggs were all unfertilized. Additional burrowing behavior was observed from other captive individuals, but no eggs were subsequently produced. Taken together, our observations suggest that burrowing or use of other protective structures is a reproductive behavior of central importance to zoarcids. Contrary to some earlier hypotheses, even midwater species likely return to the sediment to burrow and/or deposit eggs. This behavior means that field data regarding reproduction in this family will continue to be difficult to obtain, and the contribution of further study in laboratory situations should not be underestimated.

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“…1 in plate VI) and from L. eudipleurosticus in having a single (ϭ ventral) lateral line on the body (vs. double: midlateral ϩ ventral, see Jensen, 1904;McAllister et al, 1981). The remaining species (ϭ defined by having a deep notch in the pectoral fin and a single lateral line) correspond to the subgenus Furcimanus (sensu Schmidt, 1950) and tend to have similar superficial appearances (see Schmidt, 1950;Anderson, 1994), although the validity of the subgenus is questionable on a molecular basis (see Møller and Gravlund, 2003). Lycodes nishimurai can be separated from both L. hubbsi and L. macrochir in having 17-18 pectoral fin rays (vs. 20-23); the new species is further differentiated from L. hubbsi by having no scales on the pectoral fin base (Fig.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycodes nishimurai, a new deep-sea eelpout (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from the Sea of Japan

Shinohara

Shirai

2005

Ichthyol Res

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A new zoarcid fish, Lycodes nishimuari, is described on the basis of four specimens from the Yamato Bank, the Sea of Japan, at depths of 642-669 m. Although this species resembles Lycodes diapterus, L. hubbsi, L. pectoralis, L. macrochir, and L. nakamurae in having a deep notch in the pectoral fin and a single lateral line on the body, it is distinguished from them by the following combination of characters: no scales on pectoral fin base; scales on dorsum before dorsal fin origin; suborbital, preopercular, and last postorbital pores with risen rim; whitish lips; no whitish transverse bars on body; pectoral fin membrane and anterior part of dorsal fin membrane without black spots; basal color of vertical fins black.Key words Lycodes nishimurai sp. nov. · Sea of Japan · Yamato Bank · Zoarcidae · Deep-sea eelpouts Supplementary material A color version of Lycodes nishimurai sp. nov., NSMT-P 63795 (holotype) in alcohol (Fig. S1), is available on Springer's server at

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Phylogeny of the eelpout genus Lycodes (Pisces, Zoarcidae) as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rDNA

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography

Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography

Laboratory Observations of Reproduction in the Deep-Water Zoarcids Lycodes cortezianus and Lycodapus mandibularis (Teleostei: Zoarcidae)

Lycodes nishimurai, a new deep-sea eelpout (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from the Sea of Japan

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