Phylogeny of the Bee Genus Halictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Based on Parsimony and Likelihood Analyses of Nuclear EF-1α Sequence Data

Danforth, Bryan N.; Sauquet, Hervé; Packer, Laurence

doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0670

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We generated a data set based on five nuclear genes that have previously shown promise for resolving deep divergences in insects and other arthropods: elongation factor-1␣ (45), RNA polymerase II (27), LW rhodopsin (46), 28S rDNA (47), and 18S rDNA (48). PCR and sequencing protocols followed standard methods detailed in Danforth et al (27,49,50). PCR products were gel-purified overnight on low-melting-point agarose gels, and bands were extracted by using the Promega Wizard PCR purification system (Promega, Madison, WI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology

Danforth

Sipes

Fang

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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223

187

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Bees, the largest (>16,000 species) and most important radiation of pollinating insects, originated in early to mid-Cretaceous, roughly in synchrony with the angiosperms (flowering plants). Understanding the diversification of the bees and the coevolutionary history of bees and angiosperms requires a well supported phylogeny of bees (as well as angiosperms). We reconstructed a robust phylogeny of bees at the family and subfamily levels using a data set of five genes (4,299 nucleotide sites) plus morphology (109 characters). The molecular data set included protein coding (elongation factor-1␣, RNA polymerase II, and LW rhodopsin), as well as ribosomal (28S and 18S) nuclear gene data. Analyses of both the DNA data set and the DNA؉morphology data set by parsimony and Bayesian methods yielded a single well supported family-level tree topology that places Melittidae as a paraphyletic group at the base of the phylogeny of bees. This topology (''Melittidae-LT basal'') is significantly better than a previously proposed alternative topology (''Colletidae basal'') based both on likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our results have important implications for understanding the early diversification, historical biogeography, host-plant evolution, and fossil record of bees. The earliest branches of bee phylogeny include lineages that are predominantly host-plant specialists, suggesting that host-plant specificity is an ancestral trait in bees. Our results suggest an African origin for bees, because the earliest branches of the tree include predominantly African lineages. These results also help explain the predominance of Melittidae, Apidae, and Megachilidae among the earliest fossil bees.bee phylogeny ͉ bee evolution ͉ molecular evolution ͉ molecular systematics ͉ coevolution A ngiosperms (flowering plants), with an estimated 250,000-260,000 species (1), represent the largest and most diverse lineage of vascular plants on earth. To Darwin, the rapid emergence and early diversification of the angiosperms was an ''abominable mystery' ' (ref. 2 and refs. therein). Among the most important traits attributable to the explosive radiation of the angiosperms is animal-mediated pollination (3-7). Insects are by far the most important animal pollinators (Ϸ70% of angiosperm species are insect pollinated; ref. 8) and among insects, bees are the most specialized and important pollinator group. All of the Ͼ16,000 species of bees living today (9) rely virtually exclusively on angiosperm products, including pollen and nectar for adult and larval nutrition (10), floral oils for larval nutrition (11, 12), floral waxes and perfumes that serve as sexual attractants (13), and resins for nest construction (14). Bees are morphologically adapted to collecting, manipulating, carrying, and storing pollen and other plant products (15, 16), and many bee species are specialists on one or a few closely related host plants (10).One step toward resolving Darwin's ''abominable mystery'' is to develop a better understanding of the role that bees played in the ev...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology

Danforth

Sipes

Fang

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

223

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The gene elongation factor-1a was selected for use in this study, as it has been shown to be very useful in previous studies of other insects (Cho et al, 1995;Danforth and Ji, 1998;Danforth et al, 1999;Friedlander et al, 1998). The initial primers used to obtain EF-1a products were M51.9 (5 0 -CARGACGTATACA AAATCGG-3 0 ) and rcM4 (5 0 -ACAGCVACKGTYTG YCTCATRTC-3 0 ) (Cho et al, 1995).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology

Morris

Schwarz

Cooper

et al. 2002

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Phylogenetic data, both morphological (Pesenko 1984) and molecular (Danforth et al 1999) have been used to understand the systematics of Halictus. Halictus farinosus forms a sibling species pair with H. parallelus Say which, although stated by Knerer (1980) to be solitary, is a social species (Packard 1868; Taylor and Packer unpublished observations).…”

Section: Comparisons To Other Halictus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesting biology and phenology of a population of Halictus farinosus Smith (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in northern Utah

Albert¹,

Packer²

2013

JHR

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Nesting biology and phenology in an aggregation of the primitively eusocial ground-nesting bee Halictus farinosus were studied at Green Canyon, Utah from May to August, 2010. Nest architecture was typical of the genus. Nests were small with an average of 3.5 worker and 13.5 reproductive brood per colony. Most workers were mated (77.5%) and had ovarian development (73.4%). The queen-worker size differential was moderate (8.8% for head width and 6.2% for wing length), indicating that sociality in this species is of intermediate strength compared to other social Halictus species. Results from 2010 were compared with those from 1977/1978 and 2002. Varying weather patterns in the years of study led to changes in phenological milestones: in the colder and wetter spring of 2010, nesting behavior was delayed by up to two weeks compared to the other years. While nest productivity was comparable among years, in 2010 the size difference between queens and workers was significantly larger than in 2002, indicating an effect of annual variation in weather conditions on social parameters in this species.

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Phylogeny of the Bee Genus Halictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Based on Parsimony and Likelihood Analyses of Nuclear EF-1α Sequence Data

Cited by 104 publications

References 51 publications

The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology

The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology

Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology

Nesting biology and phenology of a population of Halictus farinosus Smith (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in northern Utah

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