Phylogeny of the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade in Vitaceae supports the New World origin of the grape genus

Abstract

The grapes and the close allies in Vitaceae are of great agronomic and economic importance. Our previous studies showed that the grape genus Vitis was closely related to three tropical genera, which formed the Ampelocissus-Vitis clade (including Vitis, Ampelocissus, Nothocissus and Pterisanthes). Yet the phylogenetic relationships of the four genera within this clade remain poorly resolved. Furthermore, the geographic origin of Vitis is still controversial, because the sampling of the close relatives of Vitis was too limited in the previous studies. This study reconstructs the phylogenetic relationships within the clade, and hypothesizes the origin of Vitis in a broader phylogenetic framework, using five plastid and two nuclear markers. The Ampelocissus-Vitis clade is supported to be composed of five main lineages. Vitis includes two described subgenera each as a monophyletic group. Ampelocissus is paraphyletic. The New World Ampelocissus does not form a clade and shows a complex phylogenetic relationship, with A. acapulcensis and A. javalensis forming a clade, and A. erdvendbergiana sister to Vitis. The majority of the Asian Ampelocissus species form a clade, within which Pterisanthes is nested. Pterisanthes is polyphyletic, suggesting that the lamellate inflorescence characteristic of the genus represents convergence. Nothocissus is sister to the clade of Asian Ampelocissus and Pterisanthes. The African Ampelocissus forms a clade with several Asian species. Based on the Bayesian dating and both the RASP and Lagrange analyses, Vitis is inferred to have originated in the New World during the late Eocene (39.4Ma, 95% HPD: 32.6-48.6Ma), then migrated to Eurasia in the late Eocene (37.3Ma, 95% HPD: 30.9-45.1Ma). The North Atlantic land bridges (NALB) are hypothesized to be the most plausible route for the Vitis migration from the New World to Eurasia, while intercontinental long distance dispersal (LDD) cannot be eliminated as a likely mechanism.

X-rays and virtual taphonomy resolve the first Cissus (Vitaceae) macrofossils from Africa as early-diverging members of the genus

“…Cissus origins, phylogeny, and Miocene diversity in Africa -Relationships among genera in the Vitaceae are mostly comparable between our study and the most recent previous studies of Cissus ( Liu et al, 2013( Liu et al, , 2016Rodrigues et al, 2014 ), with limited support for the backbone of the trees (but see Wen et al, 2013 andZhang et al, 2015 ). Cissus species are found in three distinct clades in all analyses, identifi ed by Rodrigues et al (2014) as the Cissus striata clade (clade III of Liu et al, 2013 ), the C .…”

“…It was assigned to the stem node of the clade comprising genera Ampelocissus Planch., Nothocissus (Miq.) Latiff , Parthenocissus Planch., Pterisanthes Blume, Vitis L., and Yua C.L.Li, following Nie et al (2012) and Liu et al (2016) (calibration B). As for the previous calibration, a log-normal distribution was used, with an off set value of 55.8 and a standard deviation of 1.0.…”

Cayratia cheniana (Vitaceae): An Endangered New Species Endemic to the Limestone Mountains of Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam

“…Thirty-six new sequences from six newly collected samples of Cyphostemma were generated for this study with the other sequences from Lu et al (2013Lu et al ( , 2017 and Liu et al (2016) downloaded from GenBank (Appendix 1). Sequence assembly and alignment followed the protocols described in Lu et al (2013Lu et al ( , 2017.…”

Inflorescence morphology and development in the basal rosid lineage Vitales

“…This clade is sister to the Parthenocissus‐Yua clade (Fig. ; Ren et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Liu et al, ; Lu et al, ) and consists of about 180–190 species (Wen, ; Liu et al, ). Presently there are four genera; Ampelocissus (ca.…”

“…Because species of Vitis form the basis of the grape and wine industry, its inflorescence morphology and development are the best known, although most studies have been confined to the wine grape, V. vinifera L. Most members of the clade are native to Africa, tropical Asia, or Australia. However, a few species of Ampelocissus are found in Central America, and several species of Vitis are native to North America extending to Central America, where it most likely originated (Liu et al, ).…”