Phylogeny of Sea Urchins

Smith, Andrew B.; Kroh, Andreas

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396491-5.00001-0

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is particularly relevant since, to date, only genomic and transcriptomic information of sea urchins of the order Camarodonta are available, such as the genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sodergren et al 2006), a transcriptome of the same species (Tu et al 2014), partial transcriptomic information of two Antarctic sea urchins (Rhee et al 2014;Dilly et al 2015), and the transcriptome from roe and coelomocytes of the commercial species Evechinus chloroticus from New Zealand (Gillard et al 2014). Our study therefore provides the first transcriptomic information of a species of the order Arbacioida, evolutionary distant to Camarodonta on the basis of both molecular and morphological features (Smith 1988;Smitha & Krohb 2013). Data here generated will be also useful to explore the most relevant genes involved in sexual interactions and reproduction, thus opening the possibility to deepen our understanding of the evolution and speciation of this order, and echinoids in general.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…). Our study therefore provides the first transcriptomic information of a species of the order Arbacioida, evolutionary distant to Camarodonta on the basis of both molecular and morphological features (Smith ; Smitha & Krohb ). Data here generated will be also useful to explore the most relevant genes involved in sexual interactions and reproduction, thus opening the possibility to deepen our understanding of the evolution and speciation of this order, and echinoids in general.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA‐seq

Pérez‐Portela

Turon

Riesgo

2015

Molecular Ecology Resources

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The sea urchin Arbacia lixula is a keystone species in Mediterranean ecosystems that drive landscape changes in littoral communities. However, genomic information available for the whole order Arbacioida is very limited. Using RNA-seq techniques, we have characterized the transcriptome of four different tissue types in A. lixula: the 'somatic' tissues (coelomocytes and digestive tissue) and the 'reproductive' tissues (ovary and testis), from two replicated cDNA libraries for each sample. Additionally, we performed a de novo assembly to build the 'reference' transcriptome, pooling reads of the four tissues, to analyse the differential expression (DE) in pairwise comparisons between tissues. The complete de novo assembly yielded 186,084 transcripts, with a sequence size limit of 100 nt, being 31% of them spliced isoforms. Approximately 21% of the transcripts had blast hits against proteins of metazoans (E < 10(-5) ), being less than 2.2% functionally annotated. Between coelomocytes and digestive, 30,794 transcripts showed DE (~11.8% of them with blast hit), and 19,567 transcripts did so between testis and ovary (~28.5% of them with blast hit). Major GO-term categories upregulated in somatic tissues were those related to muscle contraction and energy generation in digestive, and lipid metabolism associated with immune response in coelomocytes. Between reproductive tissues, the major upregulated GO categories were related to energy generation in testis, and negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism in ovary. We particularly screened for a collection of target genes in each tissue because of their relevance for further studies on evolution and adaptation of echinoids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA‐seq

Pérez‐Portela

Turon

Riesgo

2015

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…To generate a tree (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S1), we were able to retrieve COI sequences for 12 species from GenBank. We then estimated a phylogenetic tree from these sequences with RAxML [70] using a GTR þ G model of sequence evolution with the topology constrained to match the genus-level relationships presented in the most recent echinoid phylogeny [71]. We performed a phylogenetic comparative analysis for each regression on reduction in arm length with respect to pH NIST , pCO 2 and V ca using the R package MCMCglmm [72].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stunting effect of a high CO₂ocean on calcification and development in sea urchin larvae, a synthesis from the tropics to the poles

Byrne

Lamare

Winter

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

139

107

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The stunting effect of ocean acidification on development of calcifying invertebrate larvae has emerged as a significant effect of global change. We assessed the arm growth response of sea urchin echinoplutei, here used as a proxy of larval calcification, to increased seawater acidity/ p CO 2 and decreased carbonate mineral saturation in a global synthesis of data from 15 species. Phylogenetic relatedness did not influence the observed patterns. Regardless of habitat or latitude, ocean acidification impedes larval growth with a negative relationship between arm length and increased acidity/ p CO 2 and decreased carbonate mineral saturation. In multiple linear regression models incorporating these highly correlated parameters, p CO 2 exerted the greatest influence on decreased arm growth in the global dataset and also in the data subsets for polar and subtidal species. Thus, reduced growth appears largely driven by organism hypercapnia. For tropical species, decreased carbonate mineral saturation was most important. No single parameter played a dominant role in arm size reduction in the temperate species. For intertidal species, the models were equivocal. Levels of acidification causing a significant (approx. 10–20+%) reduction in arm growth varied between species. In 13 species, reduction in length of arms and supporting skeletal rods was evident in larvae reared in near-future ( p CO 2 800+ µatm) conditions, whereas greater acidification ( p CO 2 1000+ µatm) reduced growth in all species. Although multi-stressor studies are few, when temperature is added to the stressor mix, near-future warming can reduce the negative effect of acidification on larval growth. Broadly speaking, responses of larvae from across world regions showed similar trends despite disparate phylogeny, environments and ecology. Larval success may be the bottleneck for species success with flow-on effects for sea urchin populations and marine ecosystems.

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“…Irregular echinoids are elongate in the adult stage. This difference of shape and the posterior position of the anus, instead of dorsally like the regular echinoids, are the two most tell-tale differences setting the two types apart [7,8].…”

Section: Phylum and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Sea Urchin - Knowledge and Perspectives

Agnello¹

2017

Sea Urchin - From Environment to Aquaculture and Biomedicine

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Phylogeny of Sea Urchins

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA‐seq

Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA‐seq

The stunting effect of a high CO₂ocean on calcification and development in sea urchin larvae, a synthesis from the tropics to the poles

Introductory Chapter: Sea Urchin - Knowledge and Perspectives

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Phylogeny of Sea Urchins

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA‐seq

Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA‐seq

The stunting effect of a high CO2ocean on calcification and development in sea urchin larvae, a synthesis from the tropics to the poles

Introductory Chapter: Sea Urchin - Knowledge and Perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The stunting effect of a high CO₂ocean on calcification and development in sea urchin larvae, a synthesis from the tropics to the poles