Phylogeny of New World Paspalum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae) based on plastid and nuclear markers

Abstract

Phylogenetic analyses of 131 terminals of Paspalum and related genera, based on both plastid and nuclear markers, were performed under maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The total evidence analyses generated a hypothesis showing that Paspalum would be monophyletic if Spheneria, Thrasyopsis and Reimarochloa are included within the genus. Paspalum inaequivalve and P. microstachyum, two species of the Inaequivalvia group were related to genus Anthaenantiopsis, excluded from Paspalum, or nested within it by plastid and nuclear markers, respectively. Subgenera Anachyris and Harpostachys were partially recovered as monophyletic assemblages, while subg. Ceresia and Paspalum resolved as polyphyletic. Within subgenus Paspalum, some informal groups were recovered as monophyletic, while others were resolved as paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Paspalum were partially recovered possibly due to reticulation events among species, autopolyploidization and apomixis; all these processes being common in Paspalum, thus obscuring the infrageneric classification.

Phylogenetic relationships of Echinolaena and Ichnanthus within Panicoideae (Poaceae) reveal two new genera of tropical grasses

“…However, it is worth pointing out that the ndhF gene and the rpl16 region (almost entirely composed of the rpl16 intron) were the most variable among plastid data sets. The ndhF gene has been widely used in phylogenetic studies within Panicoideae (e.g., Giussani et al, 2001;Aliscioni et al, 2003;Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2010;Morrone et al, 2012), as well as the rpl16 region (e.g., Donadío et al, 2009;Giussani et al, 2009;Salariato et al, 2010;Scataglini et al, 2014a), proving to be very useful for phylogenetic reconstruction within the subfamily. The transition/transversion ratio (ts : tv) was high for coding regions and low for noncoding regions as expected (Table 3), because transitions are less likely to result in amino acid substitutions.…”

Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poeae chloroplast group 1)

“…In many cases ETS evolves faster than the ITS regions and is informative for phylogenetic reconstruction, especially when combined with ITS (Poczai and Hyvönen 2010). In Poaceae, the ETS region has been sampled in diverse grass genera (Duvall et al 2003, Sallares and Brown 2004, Gillespie et al 2009, Consaul et al 2010, Catalán et al 2012, Refulio-Rodriguez et al 2012, Pimentel et al 2013, Alonso et al 2014, Birch et al 2014, Scataglini et al 2014, Soreng et al 2015a), but of the subtribes of Poeae chloroplast group 1 its phylogenetic utility has only been characterized in Anthoxanthinae (Pimentel et al 2013). Additionally, we present a densely sampled ITS phylogeny, including new and previously published ITS sequences of subtribe Poeae.…”

First microsatellite markers for Paspalum plicatulum (Poaceae) characterization and cross-amplification in different Paspalum species of the Plicatula group

“…Most of the species are native to South America [1, 2], including 210 species of Brazilian origin [3]. The basic chromosome number in Paspalum is x = 10 [4–6]; this number is the most common, with a few exceptions.…”

“…The basic chromosome number in Paspalum is x = 10 [4–6]; this number is the most common, with a few exceptions. Polyploidy is present in nearly 80% of the species [2], with tetraploidy being the most frequent condition (ca. 50%) [7–9], although diploids have also been found in the genus [1, 10].…”