Phylogeny of Neotropical Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) lizards

Torres‐Carvajal, Omar; Lobos, Simón E.; Venegas, Pablo J.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.025

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Cercosaura quadrilineata is the sister of a clade containing Anadia mcdiarmidi, Potamites, Proctoporus and the remaining Cercosaura species. This topology renders a paraphyletic Cercosaura (sensu Torres-Carvajal et al, 2015), in contrast to the molecular analyses of Pellegrino et al (2001), Castoe et al (2004) and Pyron et al (2013) and morphological analyses of Doan (2003). Cercosaura quadrilineata in our TA + PA tree falls distant from the cluster of Cercosaura species containing the type species (Cercosaura ocellata Wagler, 1830).…”

Section: Bachiinimentioning

confidence: 76%

Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment

et al. 2016

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We infer phylogenetic relationships within Teioidea, a superfamily of Nearctic and Neotropical lizards, using nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic analyses relied on parsimony under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment, with length variation (i.e. gaps) treated as evidence and as absence of evidence, and maximum‐likelihood under similarity‐alignment with gaps as absence of evidence. All analyses produced almost completely resolved trees despite 86% of missing data. Tree‐alignment produced the shortest trees, the strict consensus of which is more similar to the maximum‐likelihood tree than to any of the other parsimony trees, in terms of both number of clades shared, parsimony cost and likelihood scores. Comparisons of tree costs suggest that the pattern of indels inferred by similarity‐alignment drove parsimony analyses on similarity‐aligned sequences away from more optimal solutions. All analyses agree in a majority of clades, although they differ from each other in unique ways, suggesting that neither the criterion of optimality, alignment nor treatment of indels alone can explain all differences. Parsimony rejects the monophyly of Gymnophthalmidae due to the position of Alopoglossinae relative to Teiidae, whereas support of Gymnophthalmidae by maximum‐likelihood was low. We address various nomenclatural issues, including Gymnophthalmidae Fitzinger, 1826 being an older name than Teiidae Gray, 1827. We recognize three families in the arrangement Alopoglossidae + (Teiidae + Gymnophthalmidae). Within Gymnophthalmidae we recognize Cercosaurinae, Gymnophthalminae, Rhachisaurinae and Riolaminae in the relationship Cercosaurinae + (Rhachisaurinae + (Riolaminae + Gymnophthalminae)). Cercosaurinae is composed of three tribes—Bachiini, Cercosaurini and Ecpleopodini—and Gymnophthalminae is composed of three—Gymnophthalmini, Heterodactylini and Iphisini. Within Teiidae we retain the currently recognized three subfamilies in the arrangement: Callopistinae + (Tupinambinae + Teiinae). We also propose several genus‐level changes to restore the monophyly of taxa.

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Section: Bachiinimentioning

confidence: 76%

Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment

et al. 2016

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“…(), Kok () and Torres‐Carvajal et al. (). The latter three studies resolved Riama s.s. as the sister group of all other cercosaurines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torres‐Carvajal et al. (; see also Torres‐Carvajal et al., ) performed the largest molecular phylogenetic analysis of Cercosaura to date. They sampled 11 species, including the type species of Prionodactylus ( P. manicatus O'Shaughnessy, 1881 = C. manicata ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), impact of phenotypic evidence on molecular datasets, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta endemic fauna

et al. 2017

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Riama is the most speciose genus of the Neotropical lizard family Gymnophthalmidae. Its more than 30 montane species occur throughout the northern Andes, the Cordillera de la Costa (CC) in Venezuela, and Trinidad. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Riama to date based on a total evidence (TE) approach and direct optimization of molecular and morphological evidence. Analyses use DNA sequences from four loci and 35 phenotypic characters. The dataset consists of 55 ingroup terminals representing 25 of the 30 currently recognized species of Riama plus five undescribed taxa, including an endemic species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in Colombia, and 66 outgroup terminals of 47 species. Analysis results in a well-supported hypothesis in which Riama is polyphyletic, with its species falling into three clades. The Tepuian Anadia mcdiarmidi nests within one clade of Riama, and the recently resurrected Pantodactylus nests within Cercosaura. Accordingly, we propose a monophyletic taxonomy that reflects historical relationships. Analysis of character evolution indicates that the presence/absence of prefrontals-a cornerstone of the early genus-level taxonomy of cercosaurines-is optimally explained as having been plesiomorphically present in the most recent common ancestor of Cercosaurinae and lost in that of the immediately less inclusive clade. Multiple independent reversals to present and subsequent returns to absent occur within this clade. To evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence on our results, we compare our TE results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although phenotypic evidence comprises only 1.2% of the TE matrix, its inclusion alters both the topology and support values of the clades that do not differ. Finally, current phylogenetic evidence reveals a SNSM-CC-Trinidad-tepuis biogeographical link. We hypothesize that an ancient connection facilitated the exchange of species between the SNSM and the CC.

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“…Moreover, basically every new phylogenetic study published to date brought evidence for cryptic species being present (Goicoechea et al 2012; Torres-Carvajal et al 2015, 2016; Sánchez-Pacheco et al 2017b). The amount of overall cryptic diversity within all cercosaurines is not straightforward to gauge because most previous phylogenies had a narrow focus on particular genera (Doan et al 2005; Goicoechea et al 2012; Torres-Carvajal and Mafla-Endara 2013; Aguirre-Peñafiel et al 2014) or regions (Kok et al 2012), or had species represented by a single sample (Pellegrino et al 2001b; Kok 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of overall cryptic diversity within all cercosaurines is not straightforward to gauge because most previous phylogenies had a narrow focus on particular genera (Doan et al 2005; Goicoechea et al 2012; Torres-Carvajal and Mafla-Endara 2013; Aguirre-Peñafiel et al 2014) or regions (Kok et al 2012), or had species represented by a single sample (Pellegrino et al 2001b; Kok 2015). The most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of higher clades were published recently by Torres-Carvajal et al (2015, 2016), Goicoechea et al (2016), and Sánchez-Pacheco et al (2017b). The aim of this study was to contribute to the phylogeny of Cercosaurinae by inferring the phylogenetic placement of new material collected during recently conducted surveys with a special emphasis on the Pui Pui Protected Forest in Peru and its surroundings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests

Moravec

Šmı́d

Štundl

et al. 2018

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Cercosaurine lizards (subfamily Cercosaurinae of the family Gymnophthalmidae) represent a substantial component of the reptile fauna in the Neotropics. Several attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within this group, but most studies focused on particular genera or regions and did not cover the subfamily as a whole. In this study, material from the montane forests of Peru was newly sequenced. In combination with all cercosaurine sequences available on GenBank, an updated phylogeny of Cercosaurinae is provided. Monophyly was not supported for three of the currently recognised genera (Echinosaura, Oreosaurus, and Proctoporus). The genus Proctoporus is formed by five monophyletic groups, which should be used in future taxonomic revisions as feasible entities. Recognition of two previously identified undescribed clades (Unnamed clades 2 and 3) was supported and yet another undescribed clade (termed here Unnamed clade 4), which deserves recognition as an independent genus, was identified herein. Selvasaura brava, a new genus and new species of arboreal gymnophthalmid lizard is described from the montane forests of the Pui Pui Protected Forest, Provincia de Chanchamayo, Región Junín, Peru. The new species is characterised by its small size (SVL 42.1–45.9 mm), slender body, smooth head shields, presence of paired prefrontal shields, fused anteriormost supraocular and anteriormost superciliary shields, transparent not divided lower palpebral disc, slightly rugose subimbricate rectangular dorsal scales in adults (slightly keeled in juveniles), distinctly smaller but non-granular lateral scales, smooth squared to rectangular ventral scales, and hemipenial lobes large, distinct from the hemipenial body. Phylogenetic affinities of the new genus to the other cercosaurine genera, as well as basal phylogenetic relationships between the other cercosaurine genera remain unresolved.

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Phylogeny of Neotropical Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) lizards

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment

Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment

Phylogeny of Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), impact of phenotypic evidence on molecular datasets, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta endemic fauna

Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests

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