Phylogeny of Nolana (Nolaneae, Solanoideae, Solanaceae) as inferred from granule‐bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) sequences

Abstract

The phylogeny of Nolana (Solanaceae), a genus primarily distributed in the coastal Atacama and Peruvian deserts with a few species in the Andes and one species endemic to the Galápagos Islands, was reconstructed using sequences of four plastid regions (ndhF, psbA-trnH, rps16-trnK, and trnC-psbM) and the nuclear LEAFY second intron. The monophyly of Nolana was strongly supported by all molecular data. The LEAFY data suggested that the Chilean species, including Nolana sessiliflora, the N. acuminata group and at least some members of the Alona group, are basally diverged, supporting the Chilean origin of the genus. Three well supported clades in the LEAFY tree were corroborated by the SINE (short interspersed elements) or SINE-like insertions. Taxa from Peru are grouped roughly into two clades. Nolana galapagensis from the Galápagos Island is most likely to have derived from a Peruvian ancestor. The monophyly of the morphologically well diagnosed Nolana acuminata group (N. acuminata, N. baccata, N. paradoxa, N. parviflora, N. pterocarpa, N. rupicola and N. elegans) was supported by both plastid and LEAFY data. Incongruence between the plastid and the LEAFY data was detected concerning primarily the positions of N. sessiliflora, N. galapagensis, taxa of the Alona group, and the two Peruvian clades. Such incongruence may be due to reticulate evolution or in some cases lineage sorting of plastid DNA. Incongruence between our previous GBSSI trees and the plastid -LEAFY trees was also detected concerning two well-supported major clades in the GBSSI tree. Duplication of the GBSSI gene may have contributed to this incongruence. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT3

Phylogeny of Nolana (Solanaceae) of the Atacama and Peruvian deserts inferred from sequences of four plastid markers and the nuclear LEAFY second intron

“…Within the cp-I clade, subclade cp-A consisting 26 of Nolana acuminata, N. baccata, N. paradoxa, N. parviflora, N. pterocarpa, N. rupicola 27 and N. elegans was strongly supported, whereas the other clade (cp-D, generally 28 corresponding to clade D in the previous GBSSI tree (Dillon et al, 2007)) including 29 species of N. balsamiflua, N. linearifolia and N. sessiliflora is only weakly supported.…”

“…(Tago-Nakawaza and Dillon, 1999) and partial sequences of the nuclear granule-bound 26 starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene (Dillon et al, 2007). Some workers recognize Nolana at 27 the familial rank (Cronquist, 1981;Hunziker, 2001), or as a subfamily, i.e., Nolanoideae…”

“…In our previous efforts, the plastid matK, ITS (Tago-Nakawaza and Dillon, 1999) and 4 the nuclear GBSSI sequences (Dillon et al, 2007) were employed to elucidate 5 interspecific relationships of Nolana. The initial phylogenetic study using ITS and 6 matK data sampling 37 species produced poorly resolved phylogenies.…”

“…The first use of LEAFY for phylogenetic study of Solanaceae 13 (Smith and Baum, 2006) All 63 species analyzed in our previous GBSSI study (Dillon et al 2007) followed Olmstead and Sweere (1994), Shaw et al (2005) and Shaw et al (2007), 13 respectively. The primers trnC (5'-CCAGTTCAAATCCGGGTGTC-3') and 2039R…”

Dispersals of Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae (Solanaceae) from the New World to Eurasia in the early Miocene and their biogeographic diversification within Eurasia

“…Nolana and Jaborosa) (Dillon et al, 2007;Hunziker, 2001), or widespread taxa but having a center of diversity in South America (e.g. Lycieae) (Fukuda et al, 2001;Levin and Miller, 2005).…”