Phylogeny of Catenulida and support for Platyhelminthes

Larsson, Karolina; Jondelius, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.ode.2008.09.002

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our phylogenetic analysis corroborates the placement of Paracatenula within the Catenulida as the monophyletic sister clade to the limnic Catenula/Suomina species complex (20) (Fig. S7).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…With the exception of the genus Paracatenula, all groups of Catenulida have a cosmopolitan distribution ranging from tropical to cold temperate; several species of the marine catenulid genus Retronectes, which have no chemosynthetic symbionts, have been found as far north as Kristineberg on the Swedish west coast (1,20). As all cultured Rhodospirillales related to the symbionts are mesophilic or slightly thermophilic (21), it is tempting to speculate that the limitation of Paracatenula to warm temperate or tropical waters reflects the temperature requirements of its symbionts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paracatenula , an ancient symbiosis between thiotrophic Alphaproteobacteria and catenulid flatworms

Gruber‐Vodicka¹,

Dirks²,

Leisch³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Harnessing chemosynthetic symbionts is a recurring evolutionary strategy. Eukaryotes from six phyla as well as one archaeon have acquired chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In contrast to this broad host diversity, known bacterial partners apparently belong to two classes of bacteria-the Gamma-and Epsilonproteobacteria. Here, we characterize the intracellular endosymbionts of the mouthless catenulid flatworm genus Paracatenula as chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing Alphaproteobacteria. The symbionts of Paracatenula galateia are provisionally classified as "Candidatus Riegeria galateiae" based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization together with functional gene and sulfur metabolite evidence. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis shows that all 16 Paracatenula species examined harbor host species-specific intracellular Candidatus Riegeria bacteria that form a monophyletic group within the order Rhodospirillales. Comparing host and symbiont phylogenies reveals strict cocladogenesis and points to vertical transmission of the symbionts. Between 33% and 50% of the body volume of the various worm species is composed of bacterial symbionts, by far the highest proportion among all known endosymbiotic associations between bacteria and metazoans. This symbiosis, which likely originated more than 500 Mya during the early evolution of flatworms, is the oldest known animalchemoautotrophic bacteria association. The distant phylogenetic position of the symbionts compared with other mutualistic or parasitic Alphaproteobacteria promises to illuminate the common genetic predispositions that have allowed several members of this class to successfully colonize eukaryote cells. intracellular symbiosis | marine catenulid | meiofauna | subtidal sand

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“…Our phylogenetic analysis corroborates the placement of Paracatenula within the Catenulida as the monophyletic sister clade to the limnic Catenula/Suomina species complex (20) (Fig. S7).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracatenula , an ancient symbiosis between thiotrophic Alphaproteobacteria and catenulid flatworms

Gruber‐Vodicka¹,

Dirks²,

Leisch³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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show abstract

“…They are highly similar, with 99.9% and 99.7% pairwise identity. Phylogenetic analysis based on a concatenated alignment of 18S and 28S rRNA genes from Paracatenula galateia and selected Catenulida as well as Macrostomida (Figure 10) shows that (1) our reconstruction of the Catenulida internal phylogeny supports the phylogeny presented by Larsson et al (2008); (2) all sequences from the genus Paracatenula form one clade within the Catenulida; (3) sequences from P. galateia form a highly supported and wellseparated cluster within the genus meriting the designation of a new species; and (4) there is no separation of sequences from individuals with statocyst to individuals without statocyst, showing that all specimens studied belong to the same species.…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Recent multilocus phylogenetic studies corroborate the placement of the genus Paracatenula within the Catenulida and also the status of the Catenulida as the basal taxon of Platyhelminthes (Larsson & Jondelius 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A new species of symbiotic flatworms,Paracatenulagalateiasp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Retronectidae) from Belize (Central America)

Dirks

Gruber‐Vodicka

Leisch

et al. 2011

Marine Biology Research

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Bermuda Aquarium, Natural History Museum and Zoo (BAMZ), Bermuda Abstract Paracatenula galateia sp. nov. is a mouthless marine catenulid platyhelminth with bacterial intracellular endosymbionts. The worms live in shallow back-reef sands in the Belize Barrier Reef system and are distinguished from the four previously described members of the genus by their large size combined with a ribbon-shaped body and characteristic bipartite inclusions in cells, which are interpreted as sperm. The bacteria are presumed to be sulphur-oxidizing chemoautotrophs. They are found in bacteriocytes which fill the body region ('trophosome region') posterior to the brain, whereas the anterior part of the worm (rostrum) is bacteria-free. Phalloidin staining reveals a delicate system of subepitheliar circular and longitudinal muscles and dorsoventral fibres. The serotonergic nervous system consists of a brain at the base of the rostrum and longitudinal fibres extending both anteriorly and posteriorly, the latter being concentrated in a structure called the 'dorsal cord'.

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“…Acoelomorpha, Catenulida e Rhabditophora (Rieger et al, 1991), since Rhabditophora also includes the parasitic forms. The Acoelomorpha, however, has been removed from the Platyhelminthes into its own phylum (Baguñà and Riutort, 2004;Tyler et al, 2014;Littlewood, 2006;Larsson and Jondelius, 2008;Boll et al, 2013). The term turbellarians continues to be used and will be applied here without taxonomic connotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes and Acoelomorpha) in Brazil: invisible organisms?

2016

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Microturbellarians typically belong to the benthos and may occur in a wide variety of environments. They are abundant in freshwater and marine ecosystems and may occur in moist terrestrial habitats. However, turbellarians are seldom taken into account in studies of biodiversity. Most studies on Brazilian microturbellarians had taxonomical purposes and were done in the years 1940-1950. Thus, information on their occurrence and ecological aspects are dispersed throughout several papers. We intend here to summarize the biogeographical distribution and ecological aspects of microturbellarians recorded for Brazil, indicating the main gaps in their knowledge and possible actions to enhance studies on this group. There are 239 species of microturbellarians registered for Brazil, with records distributed in 12 states. However, just three states located in southern Brazil have records of 94% of microturbellarian species. Thus, knowledge on the systematics and geographical distribution of Brazilian microturbellarians clearly reflect the scientific activity over many years or decades in two states of southeastern and southern Brazil. Considering the scant information on this group in Brazil, which is also the situation of the Neotropical microturbellarians in general, some actions should be proposed. First, it would be necessary to sample in the diverse biomes, as well as in the various river and sea basins, based on standardized sampling protocols. Second, it would be necessary to encourage diverse research groups to include microturbellarians and/or turbellarians in general into biodiversity inventories and studies on community structure of invertebrates. Third, it is necessary to increase the number of research groups on microturbellarians, in order to augment the studies on their morphology, systematics, and ecology. Considering their abundance, species richness and ecological importance in aquatic environments, despite some peculiarities regarding their sampling, sorting and identification procedures, the challenge to study microturbellarians and enhance knowledge about them in Brazilian ecosystems should be faced.Keywords: Platyhelminthes, species diversity, Neotropical region, systematics, ecology. Microturbelários (Platyhelminthes e Acoelomorpha) no Brasil: organismos invisíveis? ResumoMicroturbelários são tipicamente bentônicos e podem ocorrer em uma ampla variedade de ambientes. São abundantes em ecossistemas marinhos e de água doce, podendo ocorrer em ambientes terrestres úmidos. Entretanto, turbelários raramente são considerados em estudos de diversidade. A maioria dos estudos sobre microturbelários brasileiros tiveram propósito taxonômico e foram realizados nos anos 1940-1950. Assim, informações sobre ocorrência e aspectos ecológicos estão dispersos em diversos artigos. O objetivo deste trabalho é sumarizar a distribuição biogeográfica e aspectos ecológicos dos microturbelários registrados para o Brasil, indicando as principais lacunas do conhecimento e possíveis ações para ampliar estudos sobre esse g...

show abstract

Phylogeny of Catenulida and support for Platyhelminthes

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Paracatenula , an ancient symbiosis between thiotrophic Alphaproteobacteria and catenulid flatworms

Paracatenula , an ancient symbiosis between thiotrophic Alphaproteobacteria and catenulid flatworms

A new species of symbiotic flatworms,Paracatenulagalateiasp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Retronectidae) from Belize (Central America)

Microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes and Acoelomorpha) in Brazil: invisible organisms?

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