Phylogeny of Castanea (Fagaceae) based on chloroplast trnT-L-F sequence data

Lang, Ping; Dane, Fenny; Kubisiak, Thomas L.

doi:10.1007/s11295-006-0036-2

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…UPGMA analysis of isozyme-based genetic distance estimates ) and phylogenetic analysis based on cpDNA sequence data (Lang et al 2006 ) suggest that Castanea species are geographically structured. This is inconsistent with the current phylogeny based on cupule characteristics.…”

Section: Taxonomy and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut

et al. 2011

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The genus Castanea , chestnuts and chinkapins, belongs to the family Fagaceae , which includes other important timber producing genera such as Quercus and Fagus . The genus Castanea is divided into three geographically delimited sections with at least seven consistently recognized interfertile species: 4 species in Asia ( C. mollissima , C. henryi , C. seguinii , and C. crenata ), two or more species in North America ( C. dentata , C. ozarkensis , and C. pumila ) and one in Europe and Turkey ( C. sativa ). The two most important diseases of chestnut are ink disease ( Phytophthora ) and chestnut blight ( Cryphonectria ). Resistance to these is the major objective for rootstock breeding in Europe and scion breeding in North America. In both cases, the source of resistance was Asian species. European breeding programs developed resistant hybrid rootstocks, which are propagated by stooling, cuttings, or in vitro culture. A major pest of chestnut is the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus whose control is based on the spread of parasitoids but also on the selection of resistant cultivars. For nut production, the most important breeding objectives include the following: good horticultural traits, product quality, suitability to storage and processing, and ease of peeling. For timber, important characters include wood quality, rapid growth, and nonchecking of wood (ring-shake). Molecular maps have been developed, which has expanded the genetic knowledge of the chestnut. An effi cient genetic transformation protocol for C. sativa through the coculture of somatic embryos with different strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been described.

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Section: Taxonomy and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut

et al. 2011

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“…Several authors agree on the evolutionary closeness of Quercus and Castanea ( Barreneche et al 2004;Casasoli et al 2006;Li et al 2004;Manos and Steele 1997;Manos et al 2001), and on the early divergence of Fagus from the remaining genera of the Fagaceae (Li et al 2004;Manos et al 2001;Oh and Manos 2008). In the Fagaceae, several phylogenetic studies based in ribosomal intergenic regions (Denk and Grim 2010;Lang et al 2006Lang et al , 2007Manos and Steele 1997;Manos et al 2001) have attempted to understand the evolutionary relationships within and between genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of rDNA FISH patterns in the Fagaceae

Ribeiro

Loureiro

Santos

et al. 2011

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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The Fagaceae is one of the most important plant families in European forest ecosystems, and it includes several genera distributed in the Northern hemisphere. In this work we studied the genome organization and evolution within the family, by karyotyping and physically mapping rDNA in ten European and Asian species of the genera Fagus, Quercus, and Castanea. All of the species studied had a chromosome number of 2n=2x=24, except for the first report of a single individual of Quercus suber which proved to be triploid (2n=3x=36). The rDNA physical mapping revealed several patterns: the dominant one is present in European and Asian Quercus subgenus Quercus, and in Castanea sativa and Castanea crenata, consisting of two 18S-25S rDNA loci (one subterminal major and one pericentromeric minor) and one 5S rDNA pericentromeric locus. In Fagus sylvatica and in Quercus sessilifolia, different patterns were observed: four terminal 18S-25S rDNA loci and two 5S rDNA pericentromeric loci in the former, and five 18S-25S rDNA loci (three terminal and two intercalary) and one 5S rDNA pericentromeric locus in the latter. In Castanea mollissima a distinct rDNA distribution pattern with two intercalary 18S-25S rDNA loci and two 5S rDNA was found. These findings suggest rDNA loci restructuring during Castanea evolution, and variability of 18S-25S loci between Quercus and Cyclobalanopsis subgenera.

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“…C. dentata and C. mollissima diverged from a common ancestor roughly 42 million years ago, so they share many identical alleles. According to Lang et al (2006), the sequence divergence among Castanea species is roughly 1% (range among species was 0-2.4%). The backcrossing method will, therefore, leave behind the equivalent of 17 Chinese chestnut genes at random locations and with unknown functions.…”

Section: Precision Of Gene Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut

Maynard

Powell

Polin-McGuigan

et al. 2008

Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants

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Castanea sativa , European chestnut, the only native chestnut species in Europe, was derived from the Turkish Mediterranean gene pool. Castanea dentata , American chestnut, is the largest chestnut species native to North America. Although European and American chestnuts are both susceptible to Cryphonectria parasitica , the causal agent of chestnut blight, the former is still a commercially viable species. The American chestnut, however, has been essentially eliminated as both a nut crop and a timber species. European and American chestnuts have been the focus of attention of professional and amateur plant breeders for more than a century. They have been selected for various traits, moved from numerous points of origin, hybridized, and redistributed across the landscape. This comes after centuries of domestication by native peoples of both continents. The American Chestnut Foundation is carrying out the largest and most active breeding program based on backcross breeding between the American chestnut and the blight‐resistant Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima ). A comparison is made between backcross breeding and genetic engineering in terms of numbers of unknown genes introduced and speed of introducing additional genes. Research to develop transformation systems for American and European chestnut has followed similar paths. For both species, the preferred target tissue is somatic embryos derived from immature zygotic embryos. The selectable marker gene bar , with the herbicide Finale® (active ingredient phosphinothricin), in combination with scorable marker gfp , has proved to be effective in selecting for transformation events in American chestnut. The nptII selectable maker gene with kanamycin in combination with the scorable marker gus was used to transform European chestnut. Transgenic whole plants have been recovered for both species. The first two transgenic American chestnuts were planted in the field on June 7, 2006 in Syracuse, New York, USA. These trees contain the oxalate oxidase ( OxO ) gene originating from wheat, which has been shown to enhance pathogen resistance in several crop species including soybean, peanut, and sunflower.

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Phylogeny of Castanea (Fagaceae) based on chloroplast trnT-L-F sequence data

Cited by 54 publications

References 36 publications

Chestnut

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Evolution of rDNA FISH patterns in the Fagaceae

Chestnut

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