Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Geraniaceae in Relation to Climate Changes and Pollination Ecology

Fiz, Omar; Vargas, Pablo; Alarcón, María Luisa; Aedo, Carlos; García, José Luis; Aldasoro, Juan José

doi:10.1600/036364408784571482

Cited by 84 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…S2). Relationships within Geraniaceae are consistent with well-accepted phylogenies (17,21,22), and branches are resolved and strongly supported (Fig. 1).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Genome-wide analyses of Geraniaceae plastid DNA reveal unprecedented patterns of increased nucleotide substitutions

Guisinger

Kuehl²,

Boore

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

150

173

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Angiosperm plastid genomes are generally conserved in gene content and order with rates of nucleotide substitutions for protein-coding genes lower than for nuclear protein-coding genes. A few groups have experienced genomic change, and extreme changes in gene content and order are found within the flowering plant family Geraniaceae. The complete plastid genome sequence of Pelargonium X hortorum (Geraniaceae) reveals the largest and most rearranged plastid genome identified to date. Highly elevated rates of sequence evolution in Geraniaceae mitochondrial genomes have been reported, but rates in Geraniaceae plastid genomes have not been characterized. Analysis of nucleotide substitution rates for 72 plastid genes for 47 angiosperm taxa, including nine Geraniaceae, show that values of dN are highly accelerated in ribosomal protein and RNA polymerase genes throughout the family. Furthermore, dN/dS is significantly elevated in the same two classes of plastid genes as well as in ATPase genes. A relatively high dN/dS ratio could be interpreted as evidence of two phenomena, namely positive or relaxed selection, neither of which is consistent with our current understanding of plastid genome evolution in photosynthetic plants. These analyses are the first to use protein-coding sequences from complete plastid genomes to characterize rates and patterns of sequence evolution for a broad sampling of photosynthetic angiosperms, and they reveal unprecedented accumulation of nucleotide substitutions in Geraniaceae. To explain these remarkable substitution patterns in the highly rearranged Geraniaceae plastid genomes, we propose a model of aberrant DNA repair coupled with altered gene expression.comparative genomics ͉ genome evolution ͉ plastid genome A ngiosperm plastid genomes are generally highly conserved in gene order, gene content, and organization (1). Whereas the rates of nucleotide substitutions are highly variable in protein-coding genes of angiosperm nuclear genomes, rates in plastid genes are generally lower (2). Rates of nonsynonomous substitutions (dN), those that cause an amino acid change, are substantially lower than rates of synonymous substitutions (dS), those that do not cause an amino acid change. Aside from a recent report describing elevated dN for a single gene in Oenothera and lineages within Caryophyllaceae (3), plastid genes of photosynthetic plants are under strong purifying selection and the rapid accumulation of either dN or dS has not been described.The plastid genomes of nonphotosynthetic plants reveal accelerated rates of nucleotide substitutions in many proteincoding genes; furthermore, these genomes exhibit extensive gene loss and genome rearrangement (4-6). However, analyses involving either few genes or few taxa for photosynthetic angiosperm plastid genomes generally reveal that modest rate variation is locus-and lineage-specific. A few groups of angiosperms have experienced lineage-specific rate variation, including the lineages leading to the grasses (7), pea (2), Gnetum (8), and Welwitschia...

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“…S2). Relationships within Geraniaceae are consistent with well-accepted phylogenies (17,21,22), and branches are resolved and strongly supported (Fig. 1).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Genome-wide analyses of Geraniaceae plastid DNA reveal unprecedented patterns of increased nucleotide substitutions

Guisinger

Kuehl²,

Boore

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

150

173

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“…G. carolinianum germinates in the fall, overwinters as a rosette and flowers in spring and early summer. Flowers are small (B5 mm across), insect pollinated and selfcompatible (Fiz et al, 2008). Fruits are dry, 5-seeded schizocarps with explosive dispersal.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of genetic diversity reveal multiple introductions and recurrent founder effects during range expansion in invasive populations of Geranium carolinianum (Geraniaceae)

et al. 2013

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Genetic diversity, and thus the adaptive potential of invasive populations, is largely based on three factors: patterns of genetic diversity in the species' native range, the number and location of introductions and the number of founding individuals per introduction. Specifically, reductions in genetic diversity ('founder effects') should be stronger for species with low withinpopulation diversity in their native range and few introductions of few individuals to the invasive range. We test these predictions with Geranium carolinianum, a winter annual herb native to North America and invasive in China. We measure the extent of founder effects using allozymes and microsatellites, and ask whether this is consistent with its colonization history and patterns of diversity in the native range. In the native range, genetic diversity is higher and structure is lower than expected based on life history traits. In China, our results provide evidence for multiple introductions near Nanjing, Jiangsu province, with subsequent range expansion to the west and south. Patterns of genetic diversity across China reveal weak founder effects that are driven largely by low-diversity populations at the expansion front, away from the introduction location. This suggests that reduced diversity in China has resulted from successive founder events during range expansion, and that the loss of genetic diversity in the Nanjing area was mitigated by multiple introductions from diverse source populations. This has implications for the future of G. carolinianum in China, as continued gene flow among populations should eventually increase genetic diversity within the more recently founded populations.

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“…Erodium species have subpinnate or pinnate veins. Recent phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis supported the conclusion that the monospecific genus California is a sister genus to the genera Erodium and Geranium within the Geraniacea family (Fiz et al, 2006;Fiz et al, 2008). Of the six species of Erodium that are described in the first edition of the Jepson Manual, Erodium macrophyllum (California macrophylla) is one of two species native to North America.…”

Section: C-4 Discussion and Recommendations For Future Workmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similarly, sites 2, 3 and 6 may experience some gene flow. California macrophylla has been described as a facultative autogamous (self-fertilizing) species (Fiz et al, 2008). Some insect pollination may occur, but the pollinator biology is not known.…”

Section: D-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Plant Monitoring and Restoration at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Experimental Test Site, Site 300, Project Progress Report 2007 through 2011

Carlsen¹,

Paterson²,

Alfaro³

et al. 2012

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Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Geraniaceae in Relation to Climate Changes and Pollination Ecology

Cited by 84 publications

References 118 publications

Genome-wide analyses of Geraniaceae plastid DNA reveal unprecedented patterns of increased nucleotide substitutions

Genome-wide analyses of Geraniaceae plastid DNA reveal unprecedented patterns of increased nucleotide substitutions

Patterns of genetic diversity reveal multiple introductions and recurrent founder effects during range expansion in invasive populations of Geranium carolinianum (Geraniaceae)

Rare Plant Monitoring and Restoration at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Experimental Test Site, Site 300, Project Progress Report 2007 through 2011

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