Phylogeny and circumscription of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae: Barnadesioideae) based on molecular data with the recognition of a new genus, Archidasyphyllum

Abstract

Dasyphyllum Kunth is the most diverse genus of the South American subfamily Barnadesioideae (Asteraceae), comprising 33 species that occur in tropical Andes, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco. Based on distribution, variation in anther apical appendages, and leaf venation pattern, it has traditionally been divided into two subgenera, namely, Archidasyphyllum and Dasyphyllum. Further, based on involucre size and capitula arrangement, two sections have been recognized within subgenus Dasyphyllum: Macrocephala and Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum). Here, we report a phylogenetic analysis performed to test the monophyly of Dasyphyllum and its infrageneric classification based on molecular data from three non-coding regions (trnL-trnF, psbA-trnH, and ITS), using a broad taxonomic sampling of Dasyphyllum and representatives of all nine genera of Barnadesioideae. Moreover, we used a phylogenetic framework to investigate the evolution of the morphological characters traditionally used to recognize its infrageneric groups. Our results show that neither Dasyphyllum nor its infrageneric classification are currently monophyletic. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and biogeographical evidence, we propose a new circumscription for Dasyphyllum, elevating subgenus Archidasyphyllum to generic rank and doing away with the infrageneric classification. Ancestral states reconstruction shows that the ancestor of Dasyphyllum probably had acrodromous leaf venation, bifid anther apical appendages, involucres up to 18 mm in length, and capitula arranged in synflorescence.

Vickia, a new genus of tribe Gochnatieae (Compositae)

“…According to Hickey (1979), leaf blades with three primary veins (or one pair of strongly developed secondary veins) are included in two main venation types: acrodromous and actinodromous. In the Compositae basal grades, acrodromous leaf venation occurs in the tribes Barnadesieae D.Don ( Dasyphyllum Kunth; Ferreira & al., 2019), Hyalideae ( Hyalis argentea D.Don ex Hook. & Arn., Hyalis lancifolia Baker and Ianthopappus corymbosus (Less.)…”

“…Although some genera have different venation patterns (e.g., Mikania Willd. and Pentaphorus have species with actinodromous and other species with pinnate leaf venation), this character is not commonly variable within a genus and could be used to support newly circumscribed genera obtained by molecular and biogeographic evidence (Ferreira & al., 2019).…”

Touch me carefully: a step towards understanding morphological diversity in the South American spiny sunflowers (Compositae, Barnadesioideae)

“…Moreover, Cabrera (1959) believed that Dasyphyllum, especially the subgenus Archidasyphyllum (Archi-from the ancient Greek ἀρχι-chief, early + Dasyphyllum-a genus of Barnadesioideae) was the most primitive group and therefore the ancestor of the other genera within the subfamily. However, molecular phylogenies recovered Dasyphyllum subgenus Archidasyphyllum as sister to the Arnaldoa and Fulcaldea clade (Gustafsson et al 2001, Ferreira et al 2019. Therefore, Ferreira et al (2019) elevated the subgenus Archidasyphyllum to the rank of genus based on molecular phylogenetic, morphology, and biogeographical evidence.…”

“…Despite previous studies on the evolution of Barnadesioideae, understanding the relationships within the subfamily remains a challenge. Today, there is no doubt that the subfamily is monophyletic (Gustafsson et al 2001, Padin et al 2015b, Ferreira et al 2019, Mandel et al 2019. However, previous phylogenetic analyses have provided different hypotheses regarding the monophyly of the subfamily, the relationships between genera, infrageneric classification, and also species delimitation (Bremer 1994, Stuessy et al 1996, Gustafsson et al 2001, Urtubey & Stuessy 2001, Padin et al 2015b, Ferreira et al 2019.…”

“…Today, there is no doubt that the subfamily is monophyletic (Gustafsson et al 2001, Padin et al 2015b, Ferreira et al 2019, Mandel et al 2019. However, previous phylogenetic analyses have provided different hypotheses regarding the monophyly of the subfamily, the relationships between genera, infrageneric classification, and also species delimitation (Bremer 1994, Stuessy et al 1996, Gustafsson et al 2001, Urtubey & Stuessy 2001, Padin et al 2015b, Ferreira et al 2019. Previous phylogenetic results could have been affected by the taxa selected, choice of the molecular regions, and the phylogenetic reconstruction method ligulate (5+0), 3-5-lobed, cream, white, yellow, orange, red, pink to purple, glabrous to villous on both surfaces.…”