Phylogeny and biogeography of the endemic Hemidactylus geckos of the Indian subregion suggest multiple dispersals from Peninsular India to Sri Lanka

Lajmi, Aparna; Bansal, Rohini; Giri, Varad B.; Karanth, Praveen

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly047

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…3), although its relationship with other Hemidactylus could not be ascertained due to low support. The Indian radiation has three major well-supported cladesclade 1, 2 and 3-similar to Lajmi et al, 2019, Bansal andKaranth (2010) and Bauer et al (2010). The phylogeny unveiled high genetic diversity (> 12% in cyt b) within a few species, which are likely to be cryptic species complexes-H. reticulatus and H. frenatus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…PCR protocol was as per Bansal and Karanth (2010) and Bauer et al (2010). These four markers have been used extensively in phylogenetic studies of the genus Hemidactylus and are known to resolve the relationships within the Indian radiation (Bansal and Karanth, 2010;Bauer et al, 2010b;Lajmi et al, 2019). Our sampling included all the described species from the Indian radiation except H. peiresii from Sri Lanka which is believed to be sister to H. depressus.…”

Section: Taxon Sampling and Molecular Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1). To this end, location data from fieldwork and published literature (Agarwal et al, 2019(Agarwal et al, , 2011Bauer et al, 2010b;2010a;Chaitanya et al, 2018;Dandge and Tiple, 2015;Gaikwad et al, 2009;Giri and Bauer, 2006;Giri, 2008;Giri and Bauer, 2008;Giri et al, 2017;Lajmi et al, 2019;Mirza and Sanap, 2014;Mirza, 2018;Mirza et al, 2018Mirza and Raju, 2017;Murthy et al, 2014;Srikanthan et al, 2018;Srinivasulu et al, 2018Srinivasulu et al, , 2014 was collected for 48 divergent lineages in the Indian radiation. No information on species from the Indian radiation was available on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; http://www.gbif.org/) except in the case of human commensal species from outside Peninsular India and Sri Lanka, which are likely to have been moved around recently.…”

Section: Ancestral State Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of this early diversification in the Indian radiation seems to have occurred in Peninsular India, with dispersals into Sri Lanka only after early to mid-Miocene. Moreover, most of the dry habitat Hemidactylus diversity of Sri Lanka, which is a subset of the Indian Hemidactylus, is a result of relatively recent range expansion from Peninsular India (Lajmi et al, 2019). Although the deep divergences of dry habitat lineages overlapping the EOC point towards the persistence of dry climate in Peninsular India, the occurrence of dry habitats in Sri Lanka during this period remains unclear.…”

Section: Diversification Shaped By Drying Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Additionally, the Indian radiation began diversifying during the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene (41-28 Mya;Lajmi et al, 2019). This overlaps with the time when Peninsular India was covered with tropical forest to the appearance of drier flora.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Eocene–Oligocene cooling and the diversification of Hemidactylus geckos in Peninsular India

Lajmi

Karanth

2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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The Eocene-Oligocene cooling marks a global shift towards a cooler and drier climate, concurrent with significant turnover in biota globally. In Peninsular India, palynological investigations suggest a shift from wet rainforest vegetation to dry and seasonal species during this period. However, the grassland and open habitats that dominate this region at present expanded relatively recently due to Late Miocene intensification of monsoon seasonality. We test the possible role of these climatic shifts in generating the dry habitat diversity of an endemic radiation of Hemidactylus geckos distributed in both wet and dry habitats, by investigating whether (a) the beginning of the diversification of dry habitat lineages overlap with the Eocene-Oligocene cooling or late Miocene aridification and (b) accompanied by an increase in diversification. Molecular data (two nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments) were generated for samples collected across Peninsular India, and along with previously published data, a time-calibrated phylogeny was reconstructed. Ancestral state reconstruction of dry and wet habitat states was carried out on the time-calibrated phylogeny and γ-statistics along with a test for diversity-dependent diversification utilized to examine the trend in lineage accumulation. Results show the ancestral node of this radiation to have a dry habitat state, which began diversifying between 39 and 32 million years ago, concurrent with the Eocene-Oligocene cooling. Furthermore, lineage diversification fit a diversitydependent model of diversification and the γ-statistics revealed an early increase in diversification followed by a slowdown later. The deep divergences of dry habitat lineages concurrent with the Eocene-Oligocene cooling suggest that this could have served as an ecological opportunity facilitating an early increase in lineage diversification of Hemidactylus in this region. These results suggest an ancient origin and long persistence of arid ecosystems in Peninsular India.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%